Dr. Marcus Conant, et al., v. McCaffrey et al.

Dr. Marcus Conant, et al., v. McCaffrey et al. is a legal case decided by the U.S. District Court on September 7, 2000, which affirmed the right of physicians to recommend medical marijuana.^[1] Though the case involved chronic patients with untreatable diseases, the decision does not name these conditions as a prerequisite, nor does it limit drugs which may or may not be illegal.

The plaintiffs created a class action suit on behalf of licensed California physicians treating patients suffering from any of several severe and chronic conditions^[2] who discuss, recommend, or approve the medical use of marijuana for medical reasons. The class also includes all such patients. The named plaintiffs include eleven physicians,^[3] a physician group,^[4] an AIDS patient organization,^[5] and six patients with terminal illnesses, including one who died during the course of the suit.^[6]

The case arose from two events: the November 1996 passage of California Proposition 215 which authorized medical marijuana, and a December 30, 1996 response to the law by the director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy which said

a practitioner's action of recommending or prescribing Schedule I controlled substances is not consistent with the 'public interest' (as that phrase is used in the federal Controlled Substances Act) and will lead to administrative action by the Drug Enforcement Administration to revoke the practitioner's registration.^[7]

The statement accompanied authorization for the U.S. Inspector General for Health and Human Services to exclude individuals from participation in Medicare and Medicaid programs, such as physicians who recommend marijuana to patients for medical purposes. Clarification two months later affirmed that mere discussion of any drugs with a patient was not grounds for sanction, but affirmed that physicians "may not intentionally provide their patients with oral or written statements in order to enable them to obtain controlled substances in violation of federal law."

The court's decision acknowledged that the government has a legitimate concern that physicians might recommend marijuana in bad faith. However, physicians in good faith using honest medical judgment should not fear DEA sanctions.^[7] Furthermore,

Given the doctrine of constitutional doubt, the government’s construction of the Controlled Substances Act cannot stand. The government should be permanently enjoined from (i) revoking any physician class member’s DEA registration merely because the doctor makes a recommendation for the use of medical marijuana based on a sincere medical judgment and (ii) from initiating any investigation solely on that ground. The injunction should apply whether or not the doctor anticipates that the patient will, in turn, use his or her recommendation to obtain marijuana in violation of federal law.^[7]

See also

• Cannabis in Oregon
• List of class action lawsuits

References

1. ^ UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA (September 7, 2000) (PDF). DR. MARCUS CONANT, et al., Plaintiffs, v. BARRY R. MCCAFFREY, et al., Defendants.. No. C 97-00139 WHA. ACLU. http://www.aclu.org/FilesPDFs/conant_courtdecision.pdf. Retrieved 2008-12-29. 
2. ^ The complaint enumerates:
   • severe nausea (commonly associated with HIV/AIDS and cancer)
   • wasting syndrome or anorexia (commonly associated with HIV/AIDS)
   • increased intraocular pressure (commonly associated with glaucoma)
   • seizures or muscle spasms associated with a chronic, debilitating condition (commonly associated with epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and paraplegia/quadriplegia/hemiplegia)
   • severe chronic pain (commonly associated with paraplegia/quadriplegia/ hemiplegia, HIV/AIDS, metastasized cancers, and cervical disk disease)
3. ^ The physicians include Dr. Marcus Conant, Dr. Donald Northfelt, Dr. Arnold Leff, Dr. Debasish Tripathy, Dr. Neil Flynn, Dr. Stephen Follansbee, Dr. Robert Scott III, Dr. Stephen O’Brien, Dr. Milton Estes, Dr. Howard Maccabee, and Dr. Allan Joseph Flach.
4. ^ Bay Area Physicians for Human Rights
5. ^ Being Alive: People with HIV/AIDS Action Coalition, Inc.
6. ^ Patients include Keith Vines, Judith Cushner, Valerie Corral, Dan Kane, Michael Ferrucci, and Jo Daily, a victim of cancer, who died after this suit was filed.
7. ^ ^{a b c} "Conant v. Walters, C-97-00139-WHA, In the United States District Court for the Northern District of California" (PDF). September 7, 2000. http://www.wamm.org/conant-v-mccaffrey.pdf. Retrieved 2008-12-26.