Delphinium denudatum

Delphinium denudatum Wall.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Magnoliophyta
Class:	Magnoliopsida
Order:	Ranunculales
Family:	Ranunculaceae
Genus:	Delphinium
Species:	D. denudatum Wall.
Binomial name
Delphinium denudatum Wall. Wall
Synonyms
Delphinium

Delphinium denudatum Wall. is one of the important species of the genus Delphinium.

Habitat

Delphinium denudatum Wall. is found on the outer ranges of western Himalayas from Kashmir to Kumaon at a height between 8000 to 12000 feet above sea level.

Medicinal properties

It is one of the important drugs used as Indigenous medicine in India, especially in Unani medicine^[1][2]. Its vernacular name is Jadwar.

The roots of the plant are reported to be useful in a variety of ailments such as aconite poisoning, brain diseases, fungal infection, piles and toothache as analgesic and astringent^[3][4][5]. A number of studies have been done on its phytochemical and pharmacological properties^[6][7].

Its use in opium addiction is mentioned in some classical literature^[8][9], which has been verified and validated in morphine induced physical dependent de-addiction studies.^{[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]}.

References

1. ^ Qudsia Nizami & MA Jafri. Unani drug, Jadwar (Delphinium denudatum Wall.) - A review. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge 2006; 5 (4): 463-467
2. ^ Zafar S, Aftab MA, Siddiqui TA. Jadwar (Delphinium denudatum Wall.) Roots – A Boon in Unani Medicine, Hamdard Medicus, Vol. XLVI, No. 2, 2003: 9-14
3. ^ Baytar Ibn. Jame al Mufradat al advia wal aghzia. Cairo: Bulak Press; 1874: 159
4. ^ Khory RN, Katrak NN. Materia Medica of India and their therapeutics. Delhi: Neeraj Publishing House; 1985: 10–11
5. ^ Rahman A, Nasreen A, Akhtar F, Shekhani MS, Clardy J, Parvez M, Choudhary MI. Antifungal diterpenoid alkaloids from Delphinium denudatum. J Nat Prod. 1997;60:472–4
6. ^ Singh N, Singh A, Malik MS. Delphinium denudatum alkaloid, the structure of denudatine. Chem Ind. 1961: 1909-11
7. ^ Singh N, Chopra KL. Diterpine alkaloid isolation and study of two new alkaloids. J Pharma and Pharmaceutic. 1962;14:288–93
8. ^ Khan Najmul Ghani. Qarabadin-i Najmul Ghani (Urdu). 2nd ed. Lucknow: Naval Kishore Press; 1928: 621
9. ^ Shirazi IM. Treatise on Opium. A 16th Century Persian manuscript Aligarh: Zillur Rahman Library, Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine & Sciences; Scribed between 1737 and 1744. p. 28.
10. ^ Rahman, SZ (Syed Ziaur Rahman); Khan, RA; Kumar, A (May 2002). "Experimental study of the morphine de-addiction properties of Delphinium denudatum Wall.". BMC Complement Altern Med 2 (6). doi:10.1186/1472-6882-2-6. PMID 12036433. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/2/6. 
11. ^ Chase, Christina (June 2003). "Study shows Delphinium denudatum aids in de-addiction of morphine (Review)". HerbClip, American Botanical Council, Austin, TX, USA: HC#010133–234. http://cms.herbalgram.org/herbclip/234/review43490.html. 
12. ^ Rahman, SZ; Khan, RA; Kumar, A (December 2003). "CNS depressant effect of delphinium denudatum wall. with special reference to its role in morphine addiction". Journal of Neurochemistry 87 (Suppl. 1): 68-68. 
13. ^ Rahman, SZ; Khan, RA; Kumar, A (February 2004). "Delphinium denudatum Wall and its CNS activities particularly in morphine addiction". Journal of Neurochemistry 88 (Suppl. 1): 34-34. 
14. ^ Rahman, SZ; Khan, RA; Kumar, A (August 2004). "Delphinium denudatum Wall and its CNS depressant effect particularly in morphine addiction". Journal of Neurochemistry 90 (Suppl. 1): 145-145. 
15. ^ Rahman, SZ; Khan, RA; Kumar, A (August 2005). "Pharmacological studies of an indigenous CNS-active drug delphinium denudatum wall. in view of its role in morphine addiction". Journal of Neurochemistry 94 (Suppl. 2): 95-95. 
16. ^ Rahman, SZ; Khan, RA; Kumar, A (August 2007). "Pharmacological study of delphinium denudatum wall. in morphine de-addiction.". Journal of Neurochemistry 102 (Suppl. 1): 142–143. 
17. ^ Rahman, S. Z., Khan R. A. & Kumar A. A Study of Delphinium denudatum Wall. in morphine dependence. In: Khan SS, editor. Vistas in Ethnobotany, Ind J Applied Pure Biol. Vol. 1. 2000: 111–125
18. ^ Rahman, S. Z., Khan R.A & Kumar A. Preclinical study of delphinium denudatum wall. in morphine de-addiction. Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods September-October 2007, Volume 56 (2): e4
19. ^ Rahman, S. Z., Khan, R. A & Kumar, A. A Study of Delphinium denudatum in moderately induced morphine dependence, Proceedings, 6th Internet World Congress for Biomedical Sciences, Castilla La Mancha University, Spain, February 14-25, 2000