Ruvuma River

Ruvuma River, formerly also known as the Rovuma River, is a river in East Africa, forming during the greater part of its course the border between Tanzania and Mozambique. It is convert|800|km|mi|0 long, with a drainage basin convert|155500|km2|sqmi|-2 in size. Its mean annual discharge is 475 m³/s (16,774 cfs) at its mouth. [cite book |last= Nakayama |first= Mikiyasu |title= International Waters in Southern Africa |year= 2003 |publisher= United Nations University Press |isbn= 9280810774 |pages= p. 9; online at [http://books.google.com/books?id=Ittv1oAJ37sC Google Books] ]

Overview

The lower Ruvuma is formed by the junction in 11° 25' S., 38° 31' E. of two branches of nearly equal importance, the longer of which, the Lujenda, comes from the south-west, the other, which still bears the name Ruvuma, from the west. Its source lies on an undulating plateau, 3,000 ft. high, immediately to the east of Lake Nyasa, in 10° 45' S., 35° 40' E., the head-stream flowing first due west before turning south and east.

In its eastward course the Ruvuma flows near the base of the escarpment of an arid sandstone plateau to the north, from which direction the streams, which have cut themselves deep channels in the plateau edge, have almost all short courses.

On the opposite bank the Ruvuma receives, besides the Lujenda, the Msinje and Luchulingo, flowing in broad valleys running from south to north. The Lujenda rises in proximity to Lake Chilwa, in the small Lake Chiuta (1,700 ft.), the swamps to the south of this being separated from Chilwa only by a narrow wooded ridge. The stream which issues from Chiuta passes by a swampy valley into the narrow Lake Amaramba, from which the Lujenda finally issues as a stream 80 yards wide.

Lower down it varies greatly in width, containing in many parts long wooded islands which rise above the flood level, and are often inhabited. The river is fordable in many places in the dry season. At its mouth it is about a mile wide.

The lower Ruvuma, which is often half a mile wide but generally shallow, flows through a swampy valley flanked by plateau escarpments containing several small backwaters of the river. The mouth is near 10° 28' S., 40° 30' E., the boundary near the coast being formed by the parallel of 10° 40'. The length of the Ruvuma is about 500 miles.

Bridge

A bridge called Unity Bridge across the river between Mozambique and Tanzania was proposed as early as 1975, shortly after Mozambique's independence. Several design studies and limited construction work were completed in the early 1980s, but the bridge was not finished due to lack of funds. In 2002 the two national governments made a formal agreement to build a new 600 meter bridge across the river. First foundation stones where laid both on Tanzanian and Mozambique sides on October 10th 2005. Construction is to finish in 2008 and will cost USD $28 million. Actually it is possible to cross the river with a small ro-ro vessel (located at the Tanzanian side) that can carry 3 jeeps. At low water the river is sometimes fordable with a good 4 wheel drive.

References