Crossover effects

In linguistics, crossover effects are restrictions on possible binding or coreference found between certain phrases and pronouns. Crossover effects are divided into weak crossover or strong crossover.

Weak crossover

In syntax, weak crossover (or WCO) refers to the restriction on possible binding or coreference found between certain phrases and pronouns, as the two below:

(1) ?Who_i does his_i mother love t_i?

(2) ?His_i mother loves [each boy]_i.

In (1), the object wh-phrase who is said to have 'crossed over' the pronoun 'his' embedded in the subject. The same set of data found with quantifiers has often been claimed to be due to a covert movement of the quantifier phrase at a more abstract level of syntactic representation (such as Logical Form (LF)).

Strong crossover

Strong crossover (SCO) refers to the restriction on possible binding or coreference found between certain phrases and pronouns, as below:

(3) *Who_i does he_i love t_i?

(4) *He_i loves each boy_i.

In (3), the object wh-phrase who is said to have "crossed over" the subject pronoun he; in this configuration, the individuals picked out by he cannot covary with those selected by who (that is, he cannot be bound by the quantifier associated with who). The same set of data found with quantifiers, as in (4), has often been claimed to be due to a covert movement of the quantifier phrase at a more abstract level of syntactic representation (such as Logical Form (LF)).

Crossover effects were originally discovered by Paul Postal in 1971;^[1] the division into 'weak' and 'strong' is due to Tom Wasow, whose dissertation describes the fact that for many speakers, the restriction on binding is felt to be stronger in cases like (3) and (4) than in Weak Crossover configurations like (1) and (2).^[2]

References

1. ^ Postal, Paul. 1971. Crossover phenomena.
2. ^ Wasow, Thomas. 1972. Anaphoric relations in English. MIT dissertation.

• Chierchia, Gennaro. 1995. Dynamics of meaning. University of Chicago Press

This linguistics article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.v · Categories: Syntax English grammar Linguistics stubs Wikimedia Foundation. 2010. Игры ⚽ Поможем написать реферат Crossover Tour Crosspoint Look at other dictionaries: Crossover — may refer to: Contents 1 Fiction and media 2 Music 3 Genetics 4 …   Wikipedia Crossover study — A crossover study (also referred to as a crossover trial) is a longitudinal study in which subjects receive a sequence of different treatments (or exposures). While crossover studies can be observational studies, many important crossover studies… …   Wikipedia Effects of 2000s energy crisis — There is debate over what the effects of the 2000s energy crisis will be over the long term. Some speculate that an oil price spike could create a recession comparable to those that followed the 1973 and 1979 energy crises or a potentially worse… …   Wikipedia Fictional crossover — A fictional crossover (short: crossover) is the placement of two or more otherwise discrete fictional characters, settings, or universes into the context of a single story. They can arise from legal agreements between the relevant copyright… …   Wikipedia Audio crossover — A passive 2 way crossover designed to operate at loudspeaker voltages Audio crossovers are a class of electronic filter used in audio applications. Most individual loudspeaker drivers are incapable of covering the entire audio spectrum from low… …   Wikipedia Move α — Генеративная лингвистика …   Википедия Comics vocabulary — consists of many different techniques and images which a comic book artist employs in order to convey a narrative within the medium of comics. This vocabulary forms a language variously identified as sequential art, graphic storytelling,… …   Wikipedia Loudspeaker — For other uses, see Loudspeaker (disambiguation). An inexpensive, low fidelity 3½ inch speaker, typically found in small radios …   Wikipedia Sound reinforcement system — A sound reinforcement system is an arrangement of microphones, electronic signal processors, amplifiers, and loudspeakers that makes live or pre recorded sounds usually music or speech louder, or that distributes the sound to a larger or more… …   Wikipedia literature — /lit euhr euh cheuhr, choor , li treuh /, n. 1. writings in which expression and form, in connection with ideas of permanent and universal interest, are characteristic or essential features, as poetry, novels, history, biography, and essays. 2.… …   Universalium 18+ © Academic, 2000-2024 Contact us: Technical Support, Advertising Dictionaries export, created on PHP, Joomla, Drupal, WordPress, MODx. Mark and share Search through all dictionaries Translate… Search Internet Share the article and excerpts Direct link … Do a right-click on the link above and select “Copy Link”