Cricket diplomacy

Cricket diplomacy consists of using the game of cricket as a political tool to enhance or worsen the diplomatic relations between two cricket playing nations. Cricket is the second-most widely played game in the world after football, and it is popular in the most populous nations of South Asia. Thus it is used as a political tool to bridge the gap in the diplomatic vacuum.

India and Pakistan

Cricket has also had a hand to play in sporting diplomacy. Following the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, and Soviet pressure on India to deflect the tension they faced, in 1987 Pakistan's president at the time, General Zia ul-Haq, attended a test match between India and Pakistan in Jaipur - a visit that apparently helped cool a flare-up in tensions. Furthermore, following a fifteen year lull in test matches, cricket tours between India and Pakistan were revived in 2004 in the wake of diplomatic initiatives to bury half a century of mutual hostility. Both sides relaxed their tough visa regulations for each other, allowing thousands of fans to travel across the border.^[1]

In an attempt to replicate the cricket diplomacy of the past General Pervez Musharraf came to India in 2005 ostensibly for a cricket match. The trip, however, quickly took on the air of a summit as the sides were urged "to seize a historic chance to end their dispute over Kashmir."^[2][3] Often this rivalry has been tinged with a religious-political bent to it. A Pakistani fan in Karachi ran onto the pitch to attack the Indian captain, and fans threw stones at the Indian players during the match in Karachi. In 2000, Hindu extremists dug up the cricket pitch in New Delhi to protest against the Pakistani team's visit.^[4] Following the Kargil conflict, and at various other times, there have also been calls to suspend cricketing ties between the two countries.

During the 2011 Cricket World Cup,after India and Pakistan qualified for semifinal, cricket diplomacy has been the positive perception from both India and Pakistan to strengthen the relationships between the two nations in the time of chaos after the 2008 Mumbai attacks which further deteriorated the already existing tussle between the two countries. Prime Minister of India Manmohan Singh used this opportunity and greeted his Pakistani counterpart Yousuf Raza Gilani to watch the match with him at Mohali. Subsequently Gilani accepted the offer and agreed to watch the match with Singh.^[5][6]

Zimbabwe

In 2008, the England and Wales Cricket Board cancelled Zimbabwe's 2009 tour of England and suspended all bilateral relations between the two states in response to the situation regarding the 2008 Zimbabwean presidential election.^[7] MPs Jack Straw and Tessa Jowell wrote to the International Cricket Council asking then to ban Zimbabwe from international cricket.^[8]

China and Taiwan

China has also joined cricket diplomacy. Cross-Strait relations have been the impetus for doing so. During the buildup to the 2007 World Cup, Antigua received a $55 million grant to build the Sir Vivian Richards Stadium, while Jamaica received $30 million for a new Trelawny stadium. St. Lucia also built both a cricket and a football stadium courtesy of China. China spent a remarkable $132 million on cricket facilities in the West Indies over the past few years, compared to the International Cricket Council's 10-year budget of $70 million to promote cricket globally. The diplomacy paid off in the end as Grenada and Dominica derecognized Taiwan as an independent country. Further, "Of the remaining 24 countries that recognize Taiwan, four are in the Caribbean and two of these play cricket."^{[citation needed]} Grenada previously had a stadium built by Taiwan, but saw it flattened by a hurricane. To join the action, China quickly came in to erect another stadium. Consequently, Taiwan took Grenada to a New York City court to force the latter to return the original loan.

Taiwan also used the World Cup to shore up its position among its shrinking West Indian support base. It doled out $21 million to St. Kitts and Nevis and $12 million to the even smaller St. Vincent and the Grenadines for cricket grounds. China's aggressive ambitions have benefited the Caribbean Islands as "Strategic analysts say China is laying out more money than is needed to just isolate Taiwan. China, which has built large embassies in each of the islands, now has a bigger diplomatic presence in the Caribbean than the United States, the superpower next door." And that "Mainland China's long-term strategy coincides with its foreign policy."^[9]

See also

• Sports Diplomacy

References

1. ^ http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/03/10/business/singh.php
2. ^ Musharraf visits India amid cricket diplomacy
3. ^ India, Pakistan cricket diplomacy no game it's real
4. ^ UNU Update: Cricket Diplomacy
5. ^ pakistan-prime-minister-yousuf-raja-gilani-arrives-in-chandigarh
6. ^ [1]
7. ^ "England cut Zimbabwe cricket ties". BBC Sport. 2008-06-25. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cricket/7471238.stm. Retrieved 2008-09-08. 
8. ^ "Zimbabwe is facing new ban threat". BBC News. August 21, 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/other_international/zimbabwe/4170262.stm. 
9. ^ China Outplays Taiwan in Cricket Diplomacy - ABC News