Cravenoceras

Cravenoceras Temporal range: U Miss - L Penn
Scientific classification
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Cephalopoda
Order:	Goniatitida
Family:	Cravenoceratidae
Subfamily:	Cravenoceratinae
Genus:	Cravenoceras Bisat, 1928

Cravevoceras is an Upper Paleozoic ammonite in the gonititid family Cravenoceratidae, probably derived from Pachylyroceras and contemporaty with other cravenoceratid genera like Caenolyroceras, Tympanoceras and later Alaoceras and Lyrogoniatites. Is is also a member of the Neoglyphiocerataceae.

Description

The shell of Cravenoceras is thickly discoidal to globose and moderately to widely umbilicate. Young stages are mostly extremely evolute. Sculpture consists of transverse lamellae, which are more or less straight on the flanks, but form a shallow ventral sinus. Longitudinal lirae mostly absent or very faint, sometimes restricted to umbilical shoulder. Constrictions are weak or absent. The ventral lobe is narrow, with a relatively low median saddle.

Taxonomic position

The revised Treatise (Furnish et al 2009) includes Cravenoceras in the family Cravenoceratidae and subfamily Cravenoceratinae, along with 8 other genera including Tympanoceras and Cravenoceratoides. D.Korn (2006) and Saunders, Work, and Nickoleava,1999, along with GONIAT online give the same or a similar perspective. The older Treatise, Part L, 1957 (Miller, Furnish, and Schindewolf) on the other hand put Cravenoceras in the subfamily Goniatitinae of the Goniatitacean family Goniatitidae.

References

• W.M Furnish et al. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part L (revised) Vo. 2 Paleozoic Ammonoidea, ... [1]
• Miller, Furnish, and Schindewolf, 1957. Paleozoic Ammonoidea, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleonotology.
• Saunders, Work, and Nikolaeva, 1999. Evolution of Complexity in Paleozoic Ammonoid Sutures, Supplementary Material. [2]
• GONIAT online