Consumer culture theory

Consumer culture theory is a marketing school of thought interested in studying consumption choices and behaviours from a social and cultural point of view, as opposed to an economical or psychological one. It does not offer a grand unifying theory but "refer to a family of theoretical perspectives that address the dynamic relationships between consumer actions, the marketplace, and cultural meanings".^[1] Reflective of a post-modernist society, it views cultural meanings as being numerous and fragmented ^[2] and hence view culture as an amalgamation of different groups and shared meanings, rather than an homogenous construct (e.g. the american culture). Consumer culture is viewed as "social arrangement in which the relations between lived culture and social resources, between meaningful ways of life and the symbolic and material resources on which they depend, are mediated through markets" ^[3] and consumers as part of an interconnected system of commercially produced products and images which they use to construct their identity and orient their relationships with others.^[4]

Methodology

There is a widely held misperception held by people outside CCT researchers that this field is oriented toward the study of consumption contexts.^[1] Memorable study contexts, such as the Harley-Davidson subculture ^[5] or the Burning Man festival^[6] probably fueled this perspective, which is far from the theory development aim of this school of thought.

While CCT is often associated with qualitative methodologies, such as interviews, case studies and ethnographies, which are well adapted to study the experiential, sociological and cultural aspects of consumption, these are not a prerequisite to CCT contribution (Arnould & Thompson 2005).

Fields of study

Arnould & Thompson ^[1] identifies four "research programs" in CCT:
– Consumer identity projects, such as Schau & Gilly ^[7] study on personal web space, which studies how consumers creates a coherent self through marketer-produced materials

– Marketplace culture, such as Schouten & McAlexander ^[5] study on the Harley-Davidson subculture, which looks at consumers as culture producers.

– Mass-mediated marketplace ideologies and consumers' interpretive strategies, such as Kozinets ^[6] study of the Burning Man Festival, which looks at consumer ideologies and identities are influenced by economic and cultural globalisation and how cultural product systems orient consumers toward certain ideologies or identity projects.

– Sociohistoric patterning of consumption, such as Holt ^[8] studies which looks at the influence of social capital on consumption choices.

References

1. ^ ^{a b c} Arnould, E. J.; Thompson, C. J. (2005). "Consumer culture theory (CCT): Twenty Years of Research". Journal of Consumer Research 31 (4): 868–882. http://econpapers.repec.org/article/ucpjconrs/v_3a31_3ay_3a2005_3ai_3a4_3ap_3a868-882.htm. 
2. ^ Firat, A. F.; Venkatesh, A. (1995). "Liberatory Postmodernism and the Reenchantment of Consumption". Journal of Consumer Research 22 (3): 239–267. JSTOR 2489612. 
3. ^ Arnould, E. J. (2006). "Consumer culture theory: retrospect and prospect". European Advances in Consumer Research 7 (1): 605–607. http://www.acrwebsite.org/volumes/eacr/vol7/EuropeanVolume7_105.pdf. Retrieved 14 August 2010. 
4. ^ Kozinets, R. V. (2001). "Utopian Enterprise: Articulating the Meanings of Star Trek’s Culture of Consumption". Journal of Consumer Research 28 (3): 67–88. JSTOR 254324. 
5. ^ ^{a b} Schouten, J.; McAlexander, J. H. (1995). "Subcultures of Consumption: An Ethnography of the New Bikers". Journal of Consumer Research 22 (3): 43–61. http://classes.bus.oregonstate.edu/winter-07/ba492/Subcultures%20of%20Consumption.pdf. 
6. ^ ^{a b} Kozinets, Robert V (2002). "Can Consumers Escape the Market? Emancipatory Illuminations from Burning Man". Journal of Consumer Research (University of Chicago Press) 29 (1): 20–38. http://econpapers.repec.org/article/ucpjconrs/v_3a29_3ay_3a2002_3ai_3a1_3ap_3a20-38.htm. Retrieved 7 August 2010. 
7. ^ Schau, H. J.; Gilly, M. C. (2003). "We Are What We Post? Self-Presentation in Personal Web Space". Journal of Consumer Research 30 (4): 384–404. JSTOR 3132017. 
8. ^ Holt, D. B. (2003). "Does Cultural Capital Structure American Consumption". Journal of Consumer Research 23 (3): 1–26. JSTOR 3132017.