Lake Hayq

Infobox lake
lake_name = Lake Hayq
image_lake =
caption_lake =
image_bathymetry =
caption_bathymetry =
location =
coords = coord|11|15|N|39|57|E|region:ET_type:waterbody|display=inline,title
type =
inflow =
outflow = "none"
catchment =
basin_countries = Ethiopia
length = 6.7 km
width = 6 km
area = 23 km²
depth =
max-depth = 88 m
volume =
residence_time =
shore =
elevation = 2,030 m
islands =
cities =

Lake Hayq or Lake Haik (Ge'ez ሐይቅ "hāyḳ", Amh. "lake") is a freshwater lake of Ethiopia. It is located north of Dessie, in the Debub Wollo Zone of the Amhara Region (or "kilil"). The town of Hayq is to the west of the lake.

Lake Hayq is 6.7 km long and 6 km wide, with a surface area of 23 km² [cite journal | author = Baxter, R.M. | coauthors = Golobitsh, D.L. | year = 1970 | title = A note on the limnology of Lake Hayk, Ethiopia|journal = Limnology and Oceanography | volume = 15 | pages = 144–149] . It has a maximum depth of 88 m and is at an elevation of 2,030 m.

History

According to a local legend, the lake was created to avenge a pregnant woman was wronged by a princess. God was greatly angered by this injustice, and in his wrath turned all of the land surrounding the woman (except the ground she was sitting on) into water forming a lake, destroying the princess along with her friends and family in the process. Where the pregnant woman was sitting became an island (now a peninsula) where Istifanos Monastery, founded in the middle of the 13th century by Iyasus Mo'a, is located.

A former student of Iyasus Mo'a, Tekle Haymanot went on to found the monastery of Debra Asbos (renamed in the 15th century to Debre Libanos) in Shewa. [Taddesse Tamrat, "Church and State in Ethiopia" (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972), p. 110.] Tekle Haymanot was one of five bright young religious stodents who became the "five lights of Christianity" for the south of Ethiopia. Iyasus Mo'a also played a role in Yekuno Amlak's overthrow of the Zagwe dynasty, and helped restore the Solomonic dynasty. Upon Yekuno Amlak's ascension to the throne, Istifanos Church became Istifanos Monastery. [Taddesse Tamrat, pp. 66-7.]

The church was established around the 8th century during the Axumite era and was the first one in what was then the Amhara province. The events surrounding its establishment, however, are not clear. Some legends suggest that there was an Aksumite palace in Ambasselle opposite the modern Istifanos monastery, located on the opposite side of the Lake Hayq. Imam Ahmad Gragn looted and burned this church in November, 1531. [This is how Taddesse Tamrat ("Church and State", p. 36) interprets its date of 720 in the "Futuh al-Habasha". Pankhurst's note on this passage proposes a different interpretation, that the existing church had been built in AH 720, which would have been the first year of the reign of Emperor Newaya Krestos, whom the author of the "Futuh" credits built the church. (Sihab ad-Din Ahmad bin 'Abd al-Qader, "Futuh al-Habasa: The conquest of Ethiopia", translated by Paul Lester Stenhouse with annotations by Richard Pankhurst [Hollywood: Tsehai, 2003] , p. 265 and n. 614)] The ruins of the church are still visible, and the legend states that the kings and princes who lived in that palace established the church.

The first known European to view the lake was Francisco Álvares, who passed near it 21 September 1520; he mentions the lake had hippopotamuses and catfish, and the land around it were planted in lemons, oranges and citrons. Just prior to his accession in 1606, Susenyos I made his way to the lake Hayk area, where he expelled a group of Oromo who had infiltrated into the vicinity of Istifanos Monastery. [ [http://130.238.24.99/library/resources/dossiers/local_history_of_ethiopia/h/ORTHARS.pdf "Local History in Ethiopia"] (pdf), The Nordic Africa Institute website (last accessed 25 March 2008)]

References