Coles 4038

Coles 4038
Coles Electroacoustics 4038
Two 4038 microphones from The Beatles Story

Two 4038 microphones from The Beatles Story
Manufactured by Coles Electroacoustics
Dates 1950s–present
Technical specifications
Type Ribbon
Frequency response 30–20000[1] Hz
Polar pattern(s) Bidirectional
Sensitivity -65dB re: 1 Volt/Pa[1]
Impedance 300 Ω
Connector Western Electric 4069 jack (XLR adaptor)

The Coles 4038 is a ribbon microphone produced by Coles Electroacoustics. The microphone was designed and patented by the BBC in the 1950s[2] and was originally known as the STC 4038.[3] The sound of the microphone has been described as "British" with a "BBC politeness",[4] and its appearance has been likened to that of a waffle iron.[5] It is used in both sound recording and radio broadcasting.[6]

Contents

History

The microphone was designed by the BBC in 1953 and the prototype was assigned the model number BBC PGS/1.[7] It was designed as a result of the BBC's request for a strong and affordable microphone that was smaller than previous models[8] (such as the Type A). The 4038 was an improvement on the Type A's frequency response, and was described as "less obtrusive".[9]

The microphone was produced by Standard Telephones and Cables[10] before their manufacturing was transferred to Coles in the mid 1970s.[11] Since its design in the 1950s, the technical specifications of the 4038 have remained unchanged.[12]

Use

Recording

In recording environments, the 4038 is often used as drum overheads and on brass instruments.[4][13] The microphone became a favourite of British recording engineers in the 1950s and 60s, but did not receive widespread use in the United States.[13] The microphone was described as recording sounds "bigger than life" – such as drums or amplified guitars – some Beatles and Led Zeppelin recordings featured 4038s as overhead microphones on the drum kit.[14][15]

In a 1994 interview, Steve Albini said that "if [he] owned one mic, this would be it".[2] Albini has also commented that "really nothing beats them as an overhead on a drum kit".[15]

Broadcast

At one point, Bush House (home of the BBC World Service) used the 4038 almost exclusively.[16]

Technical

The 4038's frequency response is flat, with a range of approximately 30–15,000 Hz.[17] The attenuation of high frequencies reduces sibilance on vocals, but also reduces detail.[4]

The microphone uses a bi-directional polar pattern.[18]

The microphone is connected using a Western Electric jack connector designated 4069, which adapts the microphone's 3-pin output to a standard XLR connector.[19]

Footnotes

  1. ^ a b Dooley (2006)
  2. ^ a b Schultz (2000, p. 72)
  3. ^ White (2010)
  4. ^ a b c Cotton (2007)
  5. ^ Fuston (2008)
  6. ^ Leonard (2001, p. 43)
  7. ^ Shaw (2011)
  8. ^ Streicher & Dooley (1997, p. 2)
  9. ^ Institution of Electrical Engineers (1961, p. 286)
  10. ^ Standard Telephones and Cables (1961, p. 2)
  11. ^ Coutant (2009)
  12. ^ Electronic Musician (2005, p. 54)
  13. ^ a b Owsinski (2004, p. 40)
  14. ^ Streicher & Dooley (1997, p. 3)
  15. ^ a b Shechmeister (2011)
  16. ^ Hi-Fi News (1997, p. 57)
  17. ^ Coles (2002a)
  18. ^ Coles (2002b)
  19. ^ Standard Telephones and Cables (1961, p. 4)

Sources

Further reading


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