Carbonária

The Carbonária was an anti-clerical, revolutionary, conspiratorial society established in Portugal in 1822. It was allied with the Italian Carbonari. Its operational units —structured into a hierarchy of barracas, choças and vendas—received military training.

On February 1, 1908 King Carlos I of Portugal and his eldest son Luis Filipe were assassinated by Alfredo Costa and Manuel Buiça in a conspiracy involving the Carbonária."Its most deplorable episode was the assassination of the King, D. Carlos I, in February 1908 and the Prince Regent, D. Luis Filipe. With the support of freemasonry, the Republican Party had perpetrated the assassination of both royal figures using its army branch, the Carbonária." [http://www.freemasons-freemasonry.com/arnaldoGeng.html History of Freemasonry in Portugal] , Petrestone Review] By October 1910 the Carbonária had become heavily tied to Portuguese Freemasonry, [http://www.freemasons-freemasonry.com/arnaldoGeng.html History of Freemasonry in Portugal] , Petrestone Review] and had some 40,000 members and was instrumental in the Portuguese republican revolution of that year.

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