- Lozi people
The Lozi people are an ethnic group primarily of western
Zambia , inhabiting the region ofBarotseland . Lozi are also found inNamibia (Caprivi Strip ),Angola andBotswana .Name
The word Lozi means 'plain' in the Makololo language, in reference to the
Barotse Floodplain of the Zambezi on and around which most Lozi live. It may also be spelt Lotse or Rotse, the spelling Lozi having originated with German missionaries in what is nowNamibia . Mu- and Ba- are corresponding singular and plural prefixes for certain nouns in the Silozi language, so Murotse means 'person of the plain' while Barotse means 'people of the plain.'History
Although Lozi tradition states that they have always inhabited Barotseland, it is generally believed that they migrated into Western Zambia from what is now the
Democratic Republic of the Congo , in the 17th and 18th centuries. In about1830 , an army that originated in the Sotho-speaking Bafokeng region ofSouth Africa , known as theMakololo , led by a warrior calledSebetwane , invaded Barotseland and conquered the Lozi. They ruled until1864 when the Sotho clique was overthrown following a Lozi revolt.The political organisation of the Lozi has long centred around a monarchy, whose figurehead (a king) is known as '
Litunga ' which means 'keeper of the earth.' The renowned LitungaLewanika , who reigned from 1878 to 1916 with a short insurrectionist break in 1884-85, brought Barotseland under British control in1890 , when he agreed terms with agents of the British South Africa Company ofCecil Rhodes for the region to become aprotectorate .Although Barotseland was incorporated into
Northern Rhodesia , it retained a large degree of autonomy, which was carried over when Northern Rhodesia became Zambia on its independence in1964 . Although before colonial times, the region was self-sufficient in food and exported crops to neighbouring regions, today it is the least-developed region of Zambia, with only one major road into the province, fromLusaka toMongu , and only intermittent supplies ofelectricity . There remains some support in the region for greater autonomy within Zambia or full independence.Culture
Lozi society is highly stratified, with a monarch at the top and those of recent royal descent occupying high positions in society. The monarch is known as the Litunga, and Lozi society tolerates little criticism even of an unpopular Litunga. Criticisms of a Litunga by a foreigner are treated as criticisms of the Lozi nation as a whole.
Lozi culture is strongly influenced by the flood cycle of the Zambezi river, with annual migrations taking place from the flood plain to higher ground at the start of the
wet season . The most important of these festivals is theKuomboka , in which the Litunga moves fromLealui in the flood plain toLimulunga on higher ground. The Kuomboka usually takes place in February or March.Language
External links
* [http://www.barotseland.com An organisation promoting the development of the Lozi people]
* [http://www.sunvil.co.uk/africa/zambia/guidebook/Chapter%203%20-%20People%20&%20Culture/ch03-part2.htm Information on the Kuomboka]References
*http://www.barotseland.com
* [http://www.barotseland.com/2earlyhistory.pdf A history of the Lozi]
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