Drosophila appendiculata

Drosophila appendiculata
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Diptera
Family:	Drosophilidae
Subfamily:	Drosophilinae
Genus:	Drosophila
Subgenus:	Chusqueophila Brncic, 1957
Species:	D. appendiculata
Binomial name
Drosophila appendiculata Malloch, 1934

Drosophila appendiculata is a large yellowish fruitfly found in Southern Chile and neighboring Argentina.^[1][2] The species is placed in its own unique subgenus, Chusqueophila, based on the presence of three partial cross-veins in the wing.^[2][3][4]

Etymology

The name Chusqueophila is based on the fact that this species is often found in vegetation dominated by the bamboos of the genus Chusquea.^[4]

Taxonomy

This species is placed in its own subgenus (Chusqueophila) in the genus Drosophila based on the unique wing characteristics but further affinities are poorly understood.^[2][4]

Description

Artist rendering of a typical wing of Drosophila appendiculata. Red asterisk (*) indicates partial cross veins.

Drosophila appendiculata was described by Malloch in 1934 and is distinguished from all other Drosophila species by the three characteristic partial cross-veins on the fourth long vein that intrude into the space between the fourth and fifth long vein. One of these partial cross veins is between the posterior cross vein and the tip of the wing while the other two partial cross veins originate from the forth long vein between the posterior and anterior cross veins. The wing is transparent,with brownish clouding around the cross veins, including the partial cross veins, and the tip/front of the wing. The flies are generally yellowish-brown with a slightly darker thorax and small black triangle on the tergites of the abdomen. With a size of 5 to 5.5 mm, this species is relative large for the genus Drosophila. The egg have four filaments.^[2][3][5]

Distribution

The species is found between La Serena and Aisén, Chile, and neighboring Argentina.^[1] This is further south than any other native Chilean species.^[6]

Ecology

Chusquea culeou, one the bamboo species dominating the habitat of this species

The species is found in vegetation along rivers and lakes, especially when the vegetation is rich in bamboo species of the genus Chusquea. Wild-caught females will lay eggs on standard laboratory food, but rearing the species in the laboratory has been unsuccessful.^[2][4]

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Bächli, G. (1999-2010). TaxoDros: The Database on Taxonomy of Drosophilidae. Available at http://www.taxodros.uzh.ch/
2. ^ ^{a b c d e} Brncic, D. (1957) Las especies Chilenas de Drosophilidae. Coleccion de Monografias Biologicas de la Universidad de Chile 8:1-136.
3. ^ ^{a b} Vilela, C. R. & Bächli, G. (1990). Taxonomic studies on Neotropical species of seven genera of Drosophilidae (Diptera). Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 63, 1–332.
4. ^ ^{a b c d} D. Brncic (1987) A review of the genus Drosophila Fallen (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Chile with the description of Drosophila atacamensis sp. nov. Revista chilena de entomologica 15:37-60.
5. ^ J.R. Malloch (1934) Acalyptrata (concluded). In: Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile, part 6, fasc. 5 pp. 393-489. Publisher: British Museum (Natural History)
6. ^ P.A. Parsons (1978) Boundary conditions for Drosophila resource utilization in temperate regions, especially at low temperatures. American Naturalist 112:1063-1074