- Chrysothrix candelaris
-
Mustard Powder lichen 
Mustard Powder lichen on Sycamore bark at Eglinton Country Park in North Ayrshire, Scotland. Scientific classification Kingdom: Fungi Phylum: Ascomycota Class: Arthoniomycetes Order: Arthoniales Family: Chrysotrichaceae Genus: Chrysothrix Species: C. candelaris Binomial name Chrysothrix candelaris
(L.) J.R. Laundon (1981)Synonyms Byssus candelaris (L.)
Crocynia flava sensu auct. brit., 2002
Crocynia flava (Schreb.) Hue
Lepraria flava (Schreb.) Ach., 1798
Lichen flavus Schreb., 1771
Lepraria candelaris(L.) Fr.The bright yellow Mustard Powder lichen[1] or Gold Dust lichen[2] Chrysothrix candelaris [3] commonly grows on tree bark and does not show ascocarps or other reproductive structures, belonging to the group commonly known as the 'Fungi or lichens imperfecti'.[4][5]
Contents
Distribution
This lichen is widespread and common in the United Kingdom, being found on the bark of deciduous trees, especially rugged old specimens, such as sycamore, alder, oak, willow, beech, and Pinus species,[6] normally in dry shaded parts. and occasionally on the sheltered faces of siliceous rocks.[7] It is found in North America,[2] Scotland,[7] Hungary,[8] Iran,[9] Latvia[10] and has been recorded in the Cape Verde Islands.[11]
Structure and appearance
As suggested by its name, C. candelaris is bright yellow, orange-yellow, or greenish-yellow. It has a powdery (leprose) appearance, a superficial thallus and lacks apothecia, soredia and isidia.[12] It covers the substrate like a crust and therefore belongs to the leprose group of lichens.
Laundon described three chemotypes of this species: one with the chemical clycin, one with pinatric acid, and a third with both of these compounds.[13]
Life cycle
Lacking apothecia, soredia and isidia, C. candelaris is not able to reproduce by spores, but spreads by its thallus becoming distributed by the wind, the feet of animals, etc. to suitable habitats.[12]
See also
- Lichens
References
- ^ Dobson, Frank S. Common British Lichens. Pub. Norwich:Jarrold Colour Pub;ication. p. 14.
- ^ a b Gold Dust lichen
- ^ Wikispecies
- ^ Lichenes Imperfectae
- ^ Alvin, Kenneth L. (1977), The Observer's Book of Lichens. London : Frederick Warne. ISBN 0-7232-1566-9. p. 182.
- ^ Lichenology
- ^ a b Allan Silverside's lichens
- ^ Hungarian lichens
- ^ Seaward MRD, Sipman HJM, Schultz M, Maassoumi AA, Anbaran MHM, Sohrabi M. (2004). A preliminary lichen checklist for Iran. Willdenowia 34(2): 543-576.
- ^ Latvia lichen records
- ^ Cape Verde Islands check list of lichens.
- ^ a b Lichens
- ^ Laundon JR. (1981). The species of Chrysothrix. Lichenologist 13: 101-121.
A sycamore tree trunk with the Mustard Powder lichen.
The closely related Green Powder lichen Lepraria incana.External links
Categories:- Arthoniomycetes
- Cryptogams
- Lichens
- Mycology
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