Christopher Sapara Williams

Christopher Sapara Williams
Born	14 July 1855
Died	15 March 1915
Nationality	Nigerian
Occupation	Barrister
Known for	Political activity

Christopher Alexander Sapara Williams (1855–1915) was the first indigenous Nigerian lawyer, called to the English bar on 17 November 1879. In addition to his legal practice, he came to play an influential role in the politics of Nigeria during the colonial era.^[1] Williams was the elder brother of Oguntola Sapara, who became a prominent physician.^[2]

Early years

Williams was born on 14 July 1855.^[3] He was of Ijesha origin, but was born in Sierra Leone.^[4] He studied the Law in London at the Inner Temple, and was called to the English bar on 17 November 1879.^[1] Returning from the United Kingdom, he began practicing law in Lagos Colony on 13 January 1888.^[3] He had an unmatched reputation as an advocate, and had intimate knowledge of unwritten customary law.^[5] He enrolled in the Nigerian Bar Association on 30 January 1888, and was Chairman of the Nigerian Bar Association from 1900 to 1915.^[6]

Although Williams was the first indigenous Nigerian to formally qualify as a lawyer, he was not the only one to practice the law. Due to the shortage of qualified lawyers, until 1913 it was common for non-lawyers with basic education and some knowledge of English law to be appointed to practice as attorneys.^[7]

Political career

Williams was nominated to the Legislative Council, serving as a member from 1901 until his death in 1915.^[1] In 1903 there was a crisis over the payment of the tolls that were collected from traders by native rulers, although Europeans were exempted. The alternative was to replace the tolls by a subsidy. Governor William MacGregor requested views from Williams, Charles Joseph George and Obadiah Johnson as indigenous opinion leaders. All were in favor of retaining the tolls to avoid upsetting the rulers.^[8] In 1903 governor MacGregor nominated Williams for a knighthood, but his recommendation was turned down.^[9]

In 1904 Williams moved that "the present boundary between the Colony and Protectorate of Southern Nigeria and the Protectorate of Northern Nigeria be re-adjusted by bringing the southern portion into Southern Nigeria, so that the entire tribes of the Yoruba-speaking people should be under one and the same administration". Sir Frederick Lugard had opposed this proposal on the grounds of administrative convenience, and the eventual decision largely followed his beliefs. The principle applied was to group people who were at roughly the same political and social level into one province rather than to try to align the provinces with ethnic boundaries.^[10]

In 1905, Williams visited England. While there, he made several suggestions to the Colonial Office for changes to imperial policy. These included establishing a teachers training college in Lagos, and having more continuity of policy by the governors of the colony.^[11] Sapara Williams challenged the Seditious Offenses Ordinances of 1909, which suppressed press criticism of the government.^[12] He pointed out that "freedom of the Press is the great Palladium of British liberty ... Sedition is a thing incompatible with the character of the Yoruba people, and has no place in their constitution ... Hyper-sensitive officials may come tommorrow who will see sedition in every criticism and crime in every mass meeting". Despite his plea, the bill became law.^[13] Williams encouraged Herbert Macauley to convene an inaugural meeting of the Lagos Auxiliary of the Anti-Slavery and Aborigines Protection Society on 30 August 1910, which gave Macauley a platform for producing popular opposition to colonial practices.^[14]

When Northern and Southern Nigeria were united in 1914, the new legislative council was headed by the Governor, and consisted of seven British officials, two British non-officials and two Nigerians, one of whom was Williams.^[15] He died on 15 March 1915.^[3]

Beliefs

Williams' views on development of the colony included close association with European ideas and institutions, and he was against thoughtless and nonconstructive criticism of the administration.^[16] However, although Williams in many ways accepted European concepts and values, in October 1896 he sponsored an Egungun dance, a traditional ceremony. Moves such as this by one of the leaders of the Ekitis in Lagos were welcomed by the traditional rulers of the Yoruba.^[17] Williams once said: "A lawyer lives for the direction of his people and the advancement of the cause of his country".^[1]

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d} Oladipo Jimilehin (27 April 2010). "The legal profession and role of lawyers in Nigerian politics". Nigerian Tribune. http://www.tribune.com.ng/index.php/tribune-law/4570-the-legal-profession-and-role-of-lawyers-in-nigerian-politics. Retrieved 2011-05-22. 
2. ^ Adeloye, Adelolo (1974). "SOME EARLY NIGERIAN DOCTORS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO MODERN MEDICINE IN WEST AFRICA". Medical History 18 (3): 275–93. PMC 1081580. PMID 4618303. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1081580. Retrieved 2011-05-18. 
3. ^ ^{a b c} TAIWO AKINLAMI (SEPTEMBER 13TH 2001). "THE STATE OF THE LEGAL PROFESSION IN NIGERIA; EDUCATION AND INFORMATION". LAGOS STATE UNIVERSITY. http://gilgalpartners.com/portal/images/stories/Publications/PublicLecturesSeminarPapers/THE%20STATE%20OF%20THE%20LEGAL%20PROFESSION%20IN%20NIGERIA.doc;%20EDUCATION%20AND%20INFORMATION.pdf. Retrieved 2011-05-18. 
4. ^ Philip D. Curtin (1974). Africa & the West: intellectual responses to European culture. Univ of Wisconsin Press. p. 82. ISBN 0299061248. http://books.google.ca/books?id=nAQIcqwGqTEC&pg=PA82. 
5. ^ Isidore Okpewho, Carole Boyce Davies, Ali A. Mazrui (2001). The African diaspora: African origins and New World identities. Indiana University Press. p. 412. ISBN 0253214947. http://books.google.ca/books?id=aM40vekC-ucC&pg=PA412. 
6. ^ Ike Uko (4 May 2011). "Who Was NBA's First President?". The Daily Independent (Lagos). http://allafrica.com/stories/201105050680.html. Retrieved 2011-05-18. 
7. ^ Fidelis Oditah QC, SAN. "LEGAL PRACTICE AND ECONOMIC PROSPERITY". Nigerian Bar Association. http://www.nba-slp.org/Legal%20Practice%20and%20Economic%20Prosperity%20-%20Prof.%20Fidelis%20Oditah.pdf. Retrieved 2011-05-23. 
8. ^ Toyin Falola, Akanmu Gafari Adebayo (2000). Culture, politics & money among the Yoruba. Transaction Publishers. p. 115. ISBN 1560004185. http://books.google.ca/books?id=KxL03_ajZNgC&pg=PA115. 
9. ^ Philip Serge Zachernuk (2000). Colonial subjects: an African intelligentsia and Atlantic ideas. University of Virginia Press. ISBN 0813919088. http://books.google.ca/books?id=g7K6xlT50QkC&pg=PA26. 
10. ^ Adiele Eberechukwu Afigbo, Toyin Falola (2005). Nigerian history, politics and affairs: the collected essays of Adiele Afigbo. Africa World Press. pp. 460–462. ISBN 1592213243. http://books.google.ca/books?id=ez58Dwpa8JcC&pg=PA460. 
11. ^ Jeffrey P. Green (1998). Black Edwardians: Black people in Britain, 1901-1914. Routledge. p. 26. ISBN 071464871X. http://books.google.ca/books?id=Ws8apz5DISkC&pg=PA26. 
12. ^ Mac Dixon-Fyle (1999). A Saro community in the Niger Delta, 1912-1984: the Potts-Johnsons of Port Harcourt and their heirs. University Rochester Press. p. 46. ISBN 1580460380. http://books.google.ca/books?id=ShplV-nlYZ8C&pg=RA1-PA46. 
13. ^ James Smoot Coleman (1958). Nigeria: background to nationalism. University of California Press. p. 181. http://books.google.ca/books?id=X6vL5HfHto8C&pg=PA181. 
14. ^ Abiola Irele, Biodun Jeyifo (2010). The Oxford encyclopedia of African thought, Volume 1. Oxford University Press US. p. 84. ISBN 0195334736. http://books.google.ca/books?id=hF_xjFL6_NEC&pg=RA1-PA84. 
15. ^ Peter Okoro Nwankwo (2010). Criminal justice in the pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial eras: an application of the colonial model to changes in the severity of punishment in Nigerian law. University Press of America. p. 26. ISBN 0761846468. http://books.google.ca/books?id=bBAO1QRinWwC&pg=PA26. 
16. ^ Robert William July (2004). The origins of modern African thought: its development in West Africa during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Africa World Press. p. 390. ISBN 1592211992. http://books.google.ca/books?id=gMtg71MEOKEC&pg=PA390. 
17. ^ Holger G. Ehling, Claus-Peter Holste-von Mutius (2001). No condition is permanent: Nigerian writing and the struggle for democracy. Rodopi. p. 150. ISBN 9042014962. http://books.google.ca/books?id=hblk0WKPTG4C&pg=PA350. 

Persondata
Name	Williams, Christopher Sapara
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	14 July 1855
Place of birth
Date of death	15 March 1915
Place of death