China–Korea Treaty of 1882

The China–Korea Treaty of 1882 was negotiated between representatives of the Qing Dynasty and the Joseon Dynasty^[1] in October 1882.^[2] This agreement has been described as the Joseon-Qing Communication and Commerce Rules;^[1] and it has been called the Sino-Korean Regulations for Maritime and Overland Trade.^[2] The treaty remained in effect until 1895.

Background

In 1876, Korea established a trade treaty with Japan after Japanese ships approached Ganghwado and threatened to fire on the Korean capital Hanseong. Treaty negotiations with several Western countries were made possible by the completion of this initial Japanese overture.^[3]

In 1882, the Americans concluded a treaty and established diplomatic relations,^[4] which served as a template for subsequent negotiations with other Western powers.

Treaty provisions

The Chinese and Koreans negotiated and approved a multi-article treaty with provisions affecting Korean diplomatic relations with Western nations.^[5]

The Joseon-Qing Communication and Commerce Rules sought to mitigate the effects of increased diplomatic intercourse and expanded commercial relations with Western powers. The negotiated agreement caused unintended consequences.^[1]

See also

• Unequal treaties
• China-Korea Treaty of 1899

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b c} Moon, Myungki. "Korea-China Treaty System in the 1880s and the Opening of Seoul: Review of the Joseon-Qing Communication and Commerce Rules," Journal of Northeast Asian History, Vol. 5, No. 2 (Dec 2008), pp. 85–120.
2. ^ ^{a b} Chu, Samuel C. (1994). Li Hung-chang and China's Early Modernization, p. 183. at Google Books
3. ^ Kim, Chun-gil. (2005). The History of Korea, pp. 107–108. at Google Books
4. ^ Yŏng-ho Ch'oe et al. (2000). Sources of Korean Tradition, p. 235 at Google Books; excerpt, "Korea signed a similar accord with the United States (the Treaty of Chelump'o, 1882) that was followed by similar agreements with other Western nations;" Korean Mission to the Conference on the Limitation of Armament, Washington, D.C., 1921–1922. (1922). Korea's Appeal to the Conference on Limitation of Armament, p. 29. at Google Books; excerpt, "Treaty and Diplomatic Relations Between the United States and Korea. Treaty of Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation dated May 22, 1882."
5. ^ Korean Mission p. 32. at Google Books; ; excerpt, "Treaty and Diplomatic Relations Between the United States and Korea. China's Claims Of Suzerainty Over Korea"; excerpt, "The position assumed by [China] toward Korea since contracting the treaty with it in 1882 has in no wise been affected by recent events. Korea's treaty independence since then has been for us an established and accepted fact."

References

• Chu, Samuel C. (1994). Li Hung-chang and China's Early Modernization. Armonk, New York: Sharpe. 10-ISBN 156324242713-ISBN 9781563242427; 10-ISBN 1563244586/13-ISBN 9781563244582; OCLC 246962919
• Kim, Chun-gil. (2005). The History of Korea. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. 10-ISBN 0313332967/13-ISBN 9780313332968; 10-ISBN 0313038538/13-ISBN 9780313038532; OCLC 217866287
• Korean Mission to the Conference on the Limitation of Armament, Washington, D.C., 1921–1922. (1922). Korea's Appeal to the Conference on Limitation of Armament. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. OCLC 12923609
• Yŏng-ho Ch'oe; William Theodore De Bary; Martina Deuchler and Peter Hacksoo Lee. (2000). Sources of Korean Tradition: From the Sixteenth to the Twentieth Centuries. New York: Columbia University Press. 10-ISBN 0231120303/13-ISBN 9780231120302; 10-ISBN 0231120311/13-ISBN 9780231120319; OCLC 248562016