Charles Thomas Thomas

Charles Thomas Thomas (Master stone carver)
Born	July 26, 1820 London, England
Died	December 25, 1867 Quincy, Illinois, USA
Nationality	English/Canadian
Work
Practice	Charles T. Thomas
Projects	Royal Navy Dockyard (Hamilton, Bermuda); Brock's Monument (Queenston, Ontario, Canada); Victoria Hall (Cobourg, Ontario, Canada); Bank of Montreal (Cobourg, Ontario, Canada); East and West Blocks of Canadian Parliament Buildings (Ottawa, Ontario, Canada); Quincy Railway Bridge (Mississippi River, near Quincy, Illinois, USA); possibly contractor on construction of Buckingham Palace (east front), Belgravia Square and Osborne House in England with Cubitts and Company.

Entrance to Victoria Hall in Cobourg, Ontario, Canada

Charles Thomas Thomas (master stone carver) (July 26, 1820-December 25, 1867) was a prominent Anglo-Canadian stone carver and builder in the mid 19th Century. He was the son of a stonemason (Charles Thomas, senior) and some of his brothers were also stonemasons.

Early Life/Work

Born in London, he trained in England under Thomas Cubitt and Company, one of England's prominent Victorian building contractors. Charles Thomas apprenticed with Cubitt and Company in the 1840s, when the firm was building the iconic east front of Buckingham Palace in London, also Belgravia Square and Osborne House for Queen Victoria on the Isle of Wight.

Career

1851

In 1851 Charles Thomas travelled to North America. He was appointed foreman of works with the Works Department of the British Royal Navy, responsible for development of the strategic Royal Naval Dockyard, Bermuda.

1853-1856

In 1853 Charles Thomas travelled to Canada to work with Worthington Brothers, a well known Toronto-based building contractor that specialized in sandstone construction. Charles Thomas supervised the stone work and is possibly responsible for stone carvings on the second Brock's Monument, (Queenston, Ontario) - a high profile public works project in Victorian Canada. Brock's Monument was designed by noted Toronto architect, William Thomas (no relation).

1857-1859

In 1857 C.T. Thomas relocated to Cobourg, Ontario to become the master stone carver and contractor for the stone cutting on Cobourg's Victoria Hall, designed by Toronto architect, Kivas Tully. Again, Thomas was working with Worthington Brothers, using Cleveland sandstone quarried from a quarry owned and operated by John Worthington. The Victoria Hall stone carvings and ornamentation are considered among the finest in Canada.

The Cobourg Star for July 7, 1858 reported on the progress being made by Charles Thomas on the main entrance to Victoria Hall (see photo, right), saying:

"a vast amount of stone cutting has been accomplished .... The carvings on the spandrels of the chief entrance are exceedingly fine. They comprise the national emblems of the three United Kingdoms - the rose, the thistle, and the shamrock disposed on either side by an ancient lyre. These carvings together with the fine bearded face which forms the keystone of the arch [see photo above] are the work of Mr Thomas, contractor for the stone cutting and they certainly do him very great credit".

It should be noted that certain publications from the 1960s to 1980s, incorrectly give credit for Victoria Hall's stone work to Toronto architect William Thomas, based primarily on this July 1858 Cobourg newspaper article and its reference to a "Mr. Thomas". There is no evidence that William Thomas had any part in either the design or construction of Cobourg's Victoria Hall. It is clear based on the evidence presented in this article that the newspaper was indeed referring to Charles T. Thomas.

C.T. Thomas was also contractor for the stonework on an impressive Bank of Montreal in downtown Cobourg, designed by Montreal architect James H. Springle.

While in Cobourg, Charles Thomas also established a stonemasonry business. It was in operation from 1857 to 1859. Two signed works from this private enterprise are known to survive - a wonderfully carved sandstone Celtic cross in St. Peter's Anglican Cemetery and a marble wall plaque honouring a prominent Cobourg citizen found inside St. Peter's Anglican Church in downtown Cobourg.

1859-1866

In 1859 Port Hope, Ontario building firm, Jones, Haycock and Clarke won the contract to build the East and West Blocks of the Parliament Buildings in Ottawa, Ontario. Charles T. Thomas was recruited as Chief Superintendent of Works on this important national public works project. The Canadian Parliament Buildings project was among the largest public works efforts in 19th Century Canada.

1866-1867

On December 1, 1866 he relocated to Quincy, Illinois to be Master Stonemason and Superintendent of Stone Masonry on the construction of a massive railway bridge over the Mississippi River for the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railway. The bridge was designed by Thomas Curtis Clarke of Port Hope, Ontario, who would become one of the most celebrated 19th century civil engineers in North America. Thomas met Clarke while living in nearby Cobourg during the Victoria Hall project and joined Clarke on the Ottawa Parliament Buildings project. The Quincy Bridge opened in 1868.

Death

In the Fall of 1867 Charles Thomas was supervising the lifting of rocks on a derrick when the structure collapsed, crushing his left leg. It had to be amputated but an infection set in and he died on December 25, 1867. His remains were returned to Ottawa where he was buried.

Obituary

His obituary was published in the December 28, 1867 issue of the Ottawa Times newspaper:

"A short time since it became our painful duty to record a sad accident to our late fellow townsman, Mr. Charles T. Thomas, which rendered necessary the amputation of a leg. Subsequent to the amputation he suffered very greatly, and afterwards a fever set in which ended in death on Christmas Day. The remains will be brought to this city for interment, arriving next Tuesday morning. The funeral will be at- tended by the Masons and members of the St. George's Society, of which due notice will be given. The deceased gentleman was, during the erection of the Departmental Buildings in this city, Chief Superintendent of Works, under Messrs. Jones, Haycock and Co., and in that capacity earned for himself a high reputation for zeal and integrity. He was a skilled and experienced stonemason, several years of his life having been passed in the employ of Messrs. Cubit and Co., the eminent contractors of London, England. Mr. Thomas was for sometime Superintendent of Public Works under the Imperial Government of Bermuda, which place he left for Canada about the year 1852; since then and up to the moment of the sad accident resulting in his death, he was engaged as subcontractor in the erection of many important buildings on this continent. The present national monument at Queenston reared by a grateful people to the memory of the "Gallant Brock," was erected under his supervision, so was the Montreal Bank and Town Hall in Cobourg, the latter considered to be one of the handsomest buildings in the Dominion. The subject of our notice was in every respect an excellent man. In business he was strictly correct in all his transactions; as a husband and father, most affectionate, as a philanthropist, his peer was not to be found in this city. In his death the St. George's Society experience the loss of a most indefatigable member, and with us, they mourn over the sad event which has removed him from our intercourse, and deeply sympathize with his bereaved widow and afflicted family."

References

·Bermuda Pocket Almanac, 1851.

·"Who Was T.C. Clarke, C.E.", SSAC Bulletin, Vol. 17, No. 4, December 1992, Journal of the Society for the Study of Architecture in Canada (SSAC), Ottawa.

·Quincy Daily Herald, 27 October 1867 and 27 December 1867.

·Cobourg Star, 3 August 1859 (from original bound volume, Baldwin Room, Metro Toronto Reference Library).

·The Cobourg Star of 15 September 1858 noted, in an article about the Thomas Lloyd's Celtic grave marker, carved by C.T. Thomas:

“This beautiful monument consists of an upright block of Ohio free-stone, most admirably carved by Mr Thomas, whose ability as a Sculptor has already been displayed upon our Town Hall…we cannot but express our sincere hope and desire that the erection of this truly ornamental monument may be the means of introducing a better and more tasteful style of gravestone than at present encumber and disfigure our public cemeteries.” (from original bound volume among the holdings of the Baldwin Room, Toronto Reference Library). Note: the base of the gravemarker is signed: "C.T. Thomas, Cobourg".

·"Who Was T.C. Clarke, C.E.", SSAC Bulletin, By Jim Leonard, Vol. 17, No. 4, December 1992, Journal of the Society for the Study of Architecture in Canada (SSAC), Ottawa.

·Charles Thomas - A Stonemason's Legacy Restored", By Jim Leonard, SSAC Bulletin, Vol. 14, No. 3, December 1989, Journal of the Society for the Study of Architecture in Canada, (SSAC), Ottawa.

Persondata
Name	Thomas, Charles Thomas
Alternative names	Charles T. Thomas, C.T. Thomas, Charles Thomas Thomas
Short description	Master stone carver, stonemason, builder
Date of birth	July 26, 1820
Place of birth	London, England
Date of death	December 25, 1867
Place of death	Quincy, Illinois, USA