Biggesee

Infobox_lake
lake_name = Biggesee
image_lake = OlpeKreis-Biggesee1-Asio.jpg
caption_lake = vvv
image_bathymetry =
caption_bathymetry =
coords = coord|51|6|37|N|7|53|45|E|type:waterbody_region:GH|display=inline,title
type = Reservoir
inflow = Bigge
outflow =
catchment = 289 km²
basin_countries = Deutschland
length = ca. 20 km
width =
area = 895 ha
depth =
max-depth = 52 m
volume = 177.7 million m²
shore =
elevation =
islands = Gilberginsel
cities = The Biggesee (or Biggetalsperre) is a reservoir. It lies in the southern part of the Sauerland between Olpe and Attendorn.

Purpose

The lake serves to regulate the Ruhr and Lenne as well as providing water for the Ruhrgebiet. It is fed from the Bigge, a tributary of the Lenne.

The lake serves primarily to store water for the Ruhrgebiet so as to maintain the same level of water in the Ruhr. The lake can deliver, via the rivers Bigge and Lenne, up to 40 % of all the water supplied by all the reservoirs in the river system of the Ruhr combined. A hydroelectric power station produces around 24 million kWh electricity annually. The power of the three large and one small Francis Turbines amounts to 17.52 MW. The owner of the lake is the Ruhrverband.

Along with the Listertalsperre, the Biggestausee forms a large reservoir system. The formerly self-standing Listertalsperre joins immediately on to the Biggesee.

In middle of the the Biggesee itself is the ca. 30 ha Gilberginsel (island) which, together with the neighboring lakeshore area, forms a nature reserve.

Construction of the Bigge Dam

In 1956, the Landtag (parliament) of Nordrhein-Westfalen passed a law for the financing of the Bigge Dam.

On 1st. August 1956, the Bigge Dam Law came into force. According to this, each municipality was obliged to extract 1.2 pfennigs from every consumer of water for every m² of water they used - the so-called "Biggepfennig" - which went towards finacing the construction of the Bigge Dam.

The building of the dam began in 1956 and was finished in 1965, although the planning could be said to reach back as far as 1938. The Listertalsperre, dating from 1912, became an arm of the new reservoir. The complete system encompasses a volume of water of 172 million m², of which the Biggesee has 150 million and the Listertalsperre 22 million. Therefore the Biggesee system is the fifth largest reservoir in Deutschland in terms of capacity. The catchment area of both lakes comprises an area of 289 km². The lakes themselves have a surface area of 8.76 km² with a length of ca. 20 km. The deepest point of the Biggesee when the water is at its planned level is about 52 m.

Around 2550 people had to be re-settled in the newly-built districts of Neu-Listernohl, Sondern-Hanemicke und Eichhagen. New construction included 4.4 km of Bundesstraße, 14.8 km Landstraße, 18.2 km of local roads and 31 km of cycle routes, making altogether 68.4 km of new roads and paths. The Biggetalbahn railway was likewise newly laid out in the region of the lake. Building of these new traffic routes required eight large bridges and 24 smaller ones.

The Marien-Kapelle Waldenburg also had to make way for the building of the dam. It was moved to the bank of the Biggesee.

Tourism

Over the years, the lakes have become a tourist magnet. Apart from the possibilities for water sports (sailing, surfing, rowing, canoeing, fishing and diving), two passenger ships ply the lake at the moment. Previously there had been four - three on the main lake, a canal boat on the Listertalsperre. There are two official diving areas, the Weuste and the Kraghammer Sattel, as well as a diving school in the camping area at "Sonderner Kopf". Additionally, there numerous cycle and hiking routes round the lake and its environs. These are especially well-used during the summer. Many holidaymakers move their quarters around the different camping sites along the lake. The Bigge Dam belongs to the Route of Industrial Heritage, and indeed to the Theme Route 12: Ruhr - Past and Present.

Transport

Rail and Bus

The Biggesee lies on the single-line Biggetalbahn (KBS 442), on which the Biggesee-Express (RB 92) travels hourly from Olpe, stopping a few times close to the lakeshore, and on to Finnentrop with a connection to the Ruhr-Sieg-Express (RE 16). In Sondern there is a lake station which allows direct transfer from the train on to a passenger ship. This is the only lake station in Nordrhein-Westfalen.

An architectural characteristic are the two double-decker concrete bridges over two arms of the lake. The railway line runs on the lower level, with the road above. Both bridges are to be found ca. 1 - 1.5 km east of the Listertal-Staumauer.

With repect to road transport, buses reach the Biggesee. The relevant operator are the VWS based in Siegen, a subsidiary of the Stadtwerke Bonn, and BRS (Busverkehr Rhein-Sieg GmbH). Apart from that, buses from the "Regionalverkehr Köln" company travel along the Biggesee.

Rail and road transport is grouped together in the Verkehrsgemeinschaft Westfalen Süd (VGWS).

Roads

The Biggesee can be reached by two Federal Autobahns:
*the A 4 (E 40) Aachen - Görlitz. Connection: Wenden (autobahn junction Olpe-Süd) and
*the A 45 (Sauerlandlinie) (E 41) Dortmund - Aschaffenburg. Connection: (18) Olpe, (17) Drolshagen und (16) Meinerzhagenas well as the Bundesstraßen B 54 Hagen-Olpe-Siegen, B 55 Olpe-Lennestadt-Meschede.

Furthermore, the Landstraße 512 runs along the left bank from Olpe to Attendorn.

Cruises

You can cruise on the Biggesee. From April to the end of Oktober, two ships of the Personenschifffahrt Biggesee ply the lake. A round trip takes ca. 2 hours. There are five landing stages.

Cycle Tracks

There is an extensive cycle track network around the Biggesee and the Listertalsperre.

Walking Routes

There is a variety of marked walking routes around the lakes, IVV-round routes in Olpe.

See also

*List of lakes in Deutschland
* List of reservoirs and dams in Germany

Literature

*Talsperren in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Peter Franke, Wolfgang Frey, DNK - DVWK 1987, ISBN 3-926520-00-0

Weblinks

* [http://www.ruhrverband.de/ruhrverband_de/html/frame_wassermengen.html?/ruhrverband_de/html/wassermengen/talsperren/biggetalsperre.html Der Biggesee] , Ruhrverband
* [http://www.lua.nrw.de/wasser/stauanl/stauverz.pdf Stauanlagenverzeichnis NRW]