Warm Springs (tribe)

The Warm Springs are a Native American tribe from northern Oregon. The were also known as the Walla Walla.cite web |url= http://www.warmsprings.com/Warmsprings/Tribal_Community/History__Culture/ |title= History & Culture|publisher= Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs |accessdate=2008-10-07] The Warm Springs tribe is made up of the Upper Deschutes (Tygh), Lower Deschutes (Wyam), Tenino, and John Day (Dock-spus) bands.cite web |url= http://www.critfc.org/text/warmsprings.html |title= The Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon |publisher= Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission |accessdate=2008-10-07] In 1855, the Warm Springs and Wasco tribes treated with United States in the Treaty with the Middle Oregon Tribes of Oregon, which was negotiated by Oregon Superintendent of Indian Affairs Joel Palmer. The Warm Springs are now a part of the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs, which governs the Warm Springs Indian Reservation.

History and culture

The Warm Springs bands lived along the tributaries of the Columbia River and spoke Sahaptin.cite web |url=http://www.warmsprings.com/Warmsprings/Tribal_Community/History__Culture/Chronology/ |title= Chronology |publisher= Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs |accessdate=2008-10-07] The Warm Springs people moved between winter and summer villages, and mostly ate game, roots and berries. Salmon, however, was also an important staple for the Warm Springs bands and they built elaborate scaffolding over waterfalls, such as at Celilo Falls, which allowed them to harvest fish with long-handled dip nets. Contact between the Warm Springs bands and the Wascoes was frequent, and although they spoke different languages (the Wascoes are a Chinookan people) and observed different customs, they could converse and traded heavily.

ee also

*Pacific Northwest Indian wars
*Sahaptin people
*Walla Walla
*Warm Springs, Oregon

References

External links

* [http://www.warmsprings.com/Warmsprings/Tribal_Community/History__Culture/Treaty__Documents/Treaty_of_1855.html Treaty of Wasco, Columbia River, Oregon Territory with the Taih, Wyam, Tenino, & Dock-Spus Bands of the Walla-Walla, and the Dalles, Ki-Gal-Twal-La, and the Dog River Bands of the Wasco, June 25, 1855]