Landau

Landau

Infobox German Location
Name = Landau
Art = Stadt
Wappen = Wappen der Stadt Landau in der Pfalz.pnglat_deg = 49 |lat_min = 11 |lat_sec = 58
lon_deg = 8 |lon_min = 7 |lon_sec = 23
Lageplan =
Bundesland = Rheinland-Pfalz
Landkreis = Kreisfreie Stadt
Höhe = 142
Fläche = 82.94
Einwohner = 43048
Stand = 2006-12-31
PLZ = 76829
PLZ-alt = 6740
Vorwahl = 06341
Kfz = LD
Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 13 000
Gliederung = 8 Ortsteile
Adresse = Marktstraße 50
76829 Landau in der Pfalz
Website = [http://www.landau.de/ www.landau.de]
Bürgermeister = Hans-Dieter Schlimmer
Bürgermeistertitel = Oberbürgermeister
Partei = SPD

Landau or Landau in der Pfalz (pop. 41,821) is an autonomous ("kreisfrei") city surrounded by the Südliche Weinstraße ("Southern Wine Route") district of southern Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is a university town (since 1990), a long-standing cultural centre, and a market and shopping town, surrounded by vineyards and wine-growing villages of the Palatinate wine region. Landau lies east of the Palatinate forest, Europe's largest contiguous forest, direct on the German Wine Route.Landau was first mentioned as a settlement in 1106. It was in the possession of the counts of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Landeck, whose arms, differenced by an escutcheon of the Imperial eagle, served as the arms of Landau ("illustration at right") until 1955 [http://www.ngw.nl/int/dld/kreis/landaup.htm] . The city was granted a charter in 1274 by Rudolf I von Habsburg, King of Germany, who declared the city an Imperial Free City in 1291; nevertheless the bishop of Speyer, a major landowner in the district, seized the city in 1324. The city did not regain its ancient rights until 1511, through the offices of Maximilian I.

An Augustinian monastery was founded in 1276.

Landau was later occupied by the French from 1680 to 1815, when it was one of the "Décapole", the ten free cities of Alsace, and received its modern fortifications by Louis XIV's military architect Vauban, 1688–99, making the little city (population in 1789 was still only approximately 5,000) one of Europe's strongest citadels. After Napoleon's Hundred Days following his escape from Elba, Landau, which had remained French, was granted to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1816 and became the capital of one of the thirteen "Bezirksämter" (counties) of the Bavarian Rheinpfalz. Following World War II, Landau was an important barracks city for the French occupation. Wine-making continues to be an important industry. Landau's giant main square ("Rathausplatz") is dominated by the city hall ("Rathaus") and the market hall ("Altes Kaufhaus"). The former fortifications gave way in the 19th-century to a "Hauptring" that encircles the old town centre, from which the old industrial buildings have been excluded. A convention hall, the "Festhalle", was built in Art Nouveau style, 1905–07 on a rise overlooking the city park and facing the modernist "Bundesamt", the regional government building.

The familiar luxury open carriage called the "landau" was indeed invented in the city.

External links

* [http://www.landau.de Official website]
* [http://www.badische-seiten.de/bilder/landau/ Landau: pictures]


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  • LANDAU (L. D.) — Physicien soviétique, Lev Landau se spécialise dans les travaux sur le diamagnétisme et sur l’antiferromagnétisme, domaine nouveau qu’il est le premier à explorer. Ces recherches sur les transitions de phase le conduisent tout droit à la nouvelle …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • Landau — steht für: Landau in der Pfalz, kreisfreie Stadt in Rheinland Pfalz, Deutschland Landau an der Isar, Stadt im bayerischen Landkreis Dingolfing Landau in Bayern, Deutschland Landau (Bad Arolsen), Ortsteil der Stadt Bad Arolsen im Landkreis Waldeck …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Landau — puede referire a varias poblaciones: Landau in der Pfalz, en Renania Palatinado, Alemania. Landau an der Isar, en Baviera, Alemania. Petit Landau, en el Alto Rin, en Alsacia, Francia. También puede referirse al distrito de Dingolfing Landau, en… …   Wikipedia Español

  • landau — [ lɑ̃do ] n. m. • 1791; de Landau, n. d une ville all. 1 ♦ Anciennt Voiture à quatre roues, à capote formée de deux soufflets pliants. Des landaus. 2 ♦ Voiture d enfant à grandes roues, à caisse suspendue. Pousser un landau. ● landau, landaus nom …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • LANDAU — LANDAU, city in Rhenish Palatinate, Germany. Jews were first mentioned in Landau in the late 13th century. A Judengasse is noted in 1329. In 1347 there was conflict between the Jews and the townspeople, and during the black death persecutions of… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • Landau [1] — Landau, 1) Bezirksamtsstadt im bayr. Regbez. Rheinpfalz, an der Queich, Knotenpunkt der Linien Neustadt a. H. Weißenburg, L. Zweibrücken u.a. der Pfälzischen Eisenbahn, 188 m ü. M., bis 1870 Festung, hat eine gotische evang. Kirche (von 1285),… …   Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon

  • LANDAU (E.) — LANDAU EDMUND (1877 1938) Mathématicien allemand né et mort à Berlin. Edmund Landau fit ses études au lycée français de cette ville, puis à son université où il suivit les cours de Georg F. Frobenius. Docteur en mathématiques en 1899, il commença …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • landau — ou landaw (lan dô) s. m. Sorte de voiture à quatre roues, dont le dessus est fermé de deux soufflets qui se replient à volonté. •   Il m a conduit jusqu à votre porte dans son landaw, où il m attend, PICARD et MAZÈRES Trois quartiers, III, 2.… …   Dictionnaire de la Langue Française d'Émile Littré

  • Landau — Lan dau, n. [From the town Ladau in Germany; cf. F. landau. See {Land}, {Island}.] A four wheeled covered vehicle, the top of which is divided into two sections which can be let down, or thrown back, in such a manner as to make an open carriage.… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • landau — /l dɔ/, it. /lan do/ s.m., fr. [dal nome della città ted. di Landau], in ital. invar. (trasp.) [tipo di veicolo trainato da cavalli] ▶◀ landò. ⇑ carrozza …   Enciclopedia Italiana

  • landau — type of four wheeled carriage, 1743, from Landau, town in Bavaria where they first were made. The first element is the common Germanic element found in English LAND (Cf. land) (n.); the identity of the second is disputed. But Klein says the… …   Etymology dictionary

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