HMS Viper (1865)

HMS "Viper" was an armoured iron gunboat, the only ship of her class, and the fourteenth ship of the Royal Navy to bear the name.

Design

Designed by the Admiralty, "Viper" was a half-sister to HMS "Vixen" and HMS "Waterwitch", and all three were built mostly as experimental vessels. While "Viper" and "Vixen" were twin screw vessels, "Waterwitch" had a water-pump propulsion system. "Vixen" was almost identical to "Viper", but was of composite construction.

Hull

"Viper" was an armoured gunboat of the breastwork type. Her hull was of iron construction, with convert|10|in|cm|abbr=on of teak backing. Vertical trunks were provided at the stern to lift the screws clear of the hull, thereby allowing a better hull-form for purely wind-driven sailing.

Propulsion

She was equiped with two sets of 4-cylinder horizontal single-expansion steam engines, each set powering one of her two-bladed, 9 ft diameter Maudslay & Griffiths screws. In total she developed an indicated 696 horsepower, sufficient for a top speed of convert|9.5|kn|km/h. Steam was provided by two Maudslay iron fire-tube boilers with six furnaces.

ail Plan

She was equiped with a Barquentine rig, but in 1873 all masts, rigging and upper deck obstructions were removed after the decision for "Vixen" and "Viper" to remain permanently in Bermuda.

Armament

"Viper" was armed with two 7-inch (6½-ton) muzzle-loading rifled guns and two 20-pounder breach-loading rifled guns. One of "Vixen" or "Viper's" 7-inch guns was displayed on the waterfront at St Georges as recently as 1991.

Construction

"Viper" was ordered from J & W Dudgeon of Limehouse on 22 March 1864 and laid down the same year. She was launched on 21 December 1865 and commissioned in 1867 for comparative trials. Her total cost was £51,127.

Career

"Vixen", "Viper" and "Waterwitch" conducted comparative trials at Stokes Bay in the Solent 2-9 August 1876. Although turning ability was impressive, none of the ships attained more than convert|9.5|kn|km/h|abbr=on in a era when HMS "Warrior" could achieve convert|14.5|kn|km/h|abbr=on. Furthermore, "Vixen" was nearly lost in the Irish Channel during a winter gale in 1876, making them unsuitable for the open sea under steam or sail. "Vixen" and "Viper" were towed to Bermuda in 1868 where the geography favoured the use of steam-powered rams.

In July 1869 both ships were employed to bring the Floating Dock "Bermuda" from The Narrows to the dockyard. ["Bermuda Royal Gazette", 3 August 1869] 1873 saw the loss of all rigging, masts and upperdeck equipment, and this must have helped her to survive the 1878 hurricane which caused serious damage to the Floating Dock and other dockyard facilities.

Fate

"Viper" was reduced to harbour service in 1890 [cite web|url=http://www.pdavis.nl/MidVicShips.php?page=13 |title=HMS "Viper" at William Looney website|accessdate=2008-09-23] , was converted to a tank vessel in 1901 and was sold in 1908. [cite web|url=http://www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/r_n_gunboats.htm|title=HMS "Viper" at Battleships-Cruisers website|accessdate=2008-09-23]

References

*