Jobawi

Infobox Korean name


imgwidth=
caption=A "jobawi" worn by a woman near Korean Folk Village
hangul=조바위
hanja="none"
rr=jobawi
mr=chobawi

A "jobawi" is a type of traditional Korean winter cap with earflaps which was worn by women [cite magazine|url=http://eng.actakoreana.org/clickkorea/text/13-Clothing/13-01spr-overview.html |title=An Overview of Modern Fashion in Korea|publisher=Koreana |year=2001 |volume=15 |issue=No.1 |author=Joo Seong-hee] and was made of silk. Since its first appearance in the late Joseon period, it has been widely worn [cite web|url=http://www.ocp.go.kr:9000/ne_pro_search/content_view.cgi?AC=00004880&mode=1&v_db=2&v_disp_type=4 |title=Portraits of Munhyogong and his wife |publisher=Cultural Properties Administration] as a substitute for the "ayam" (a cap with a big ribbon on the back). Although the "jobawi" was worn by the upper class as well as by commoners, it was mostly used by the yangban aristocracy of that time as a decorative headgear when they went out. In addition, the "jobawi" was worn not only as formal headgear, but also for special occasions. Even though a wearer was not in formal attire, if she wore a "jobawi", the overall outfit could be considered as simple formal clothing.cite web|url=http://100.empas.com/dicsearch/pentry.html?s=K&i=249357&v=42 |title=조바위 |publisher=Empas / EncyKorea |accessdate=2008-09-23 |language=Korean]

The "jobawi" does not cover the top of the head just like other unisex winter caps such as the "ayam", "nambawi" and the "pungcha". But it fully covers the forehead and the ears on the sides with round earflaps to protect against the cold. The outer surface is generally made of several varieties of silk called "sa" (사, linktext|紗) or "dan" (단, linktext|緞) while its inner surface is made of "dan", "myeongju" (명주, more lustrous silk), or cotton.cite web|url=http://map.encyber.com/search_w/ctdetail.php?&masterno=138401&contentno=138401 |title=조바위 |publisher=Doosan Encyclopedia |accessdate=2008-09-23 |language=Korean]

Tassels are attached to both front and back side of the "jobawi"; they can also be adorned with jewelry. Some "jobawi" were decorated with accessories made from silver, jade, agate or other gems on the left and right side of the forehead as well as on the bottom part of the back side.cite web|url=http://hair.culturecontent.com/dress/mo_woman_02.asp |title=모/여성용 조바위 |publisher=KOCCA / Chung-Ang University |accessdate=2008-09-27 |language=Korean] The front and back of the "jobawi"'s top are loosely linked by a string which either consists of coral beads or is made of silver strings in a floral or simple braid.

There were "jobawi" embroidered with beads or adorned with "geumbak" (gold leaf decoration) which were usually worn by children or young females. The patterns of the "geumbak" were usually flowers or letters in hanja reading "bugwi" (부귀, linktext|富|貴, wealth and honors), "danam" (다남, linktext|多|男, many sons), "subok" (수복, linktext|壽|福, long life and happiness), or "gangnyeong" (강녕 linktext|康|寧, happiness and peace). This decoration was on the edge of the "jobawi". At present, baby girls wear such "jobawi" on the occasion of their "doljanchi", which celebrates their first birthday.

ee also

*Ayam
*Nambawi
*Pungcha
*Hwagwan
*Mob cap
*Hanbok

References

*cite book|title=Research on Korean Costume (한국복식사연구) |author=Yu Hui-gyeong (유희경, 柳喜卿) |publisher=Ewha Women's University Publishing |year=1980 |language=Korean