William Brewer

William Brewer or William Briwere (d. 1226) was a prominent administrator and justice in England during the reigns of Richard I, King John, and Henry III. He was also notable as a founder of a number of religious institutions.

Life

William Brewer's ancestry is unclear, but he was probably the son of Henry Brewer and the grandson of William Brewer, forester of Bere, who founded the nunnery of Polsloe in Exeter. William began his own career as forester of Bere, which appears to have been a hereditary title, and by 1179 had been appointed sheriff of Devon.Dugdale, "The Baronage of England", p. 700] Under Richard I he was one of the justiciars appointed to run the country while the king was on crusade. He was present at Worms in 1193, to aid in the negotiations for Richard's ransom. It was around this time that Brewer began his career at the Exchequer, where he was to sit until the reign of Henry III.Turner, "Men Raised From the Dust", pp. 73-4]

Under King John William was one of the most active figures in government, next to Henry Marshal and Geoffrey fitz Peter in terms of the number of royal charters he witnessed.Turner, "Men Raised From the Dust", p. 75] In this period, he held the shrievalties of Berkshire, Cornwall, Devon, Hampshire, Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire, Oxfordshire, Somerset and Dorset, Sussex, and Wiltshire. He was often unpopular with the people of his counties, and the men of Cornwall, Somerset, and Dorset paid money to the king for his removal.Turner, "Men Raised From the Dust", pp. 76-7]

Brewer was adept at acquiring lands, and built himself a substantial barony from relatively humble beginnings. By 1219 he was assessed for scutage on over sixty knights' fees scattered over several shires.Turner, "Men Raised From the Dust", p. 80] He was able to found and endow three monasteries: Torre Abbey in Devon in 1196, Mottisfont Abbey in Hampshire in 1201, and Dunkeswell Abbey in Devon in the same year.Turner, "Men Raised From the Dust", pp. 87-88] In 1224 he retired from the world to live as a Cistercian monk at Dunkeswell, where he was buried with his wife before the high altar on his death in 1226.Seymour, "Torre Abbey", pp. 49-50]

Family and children

He married Beatrice de Valle (d. before 1220), previously the mistress of Reginald de Dunstanville, Earl of Cornwall (d. 1175) and mother of Henry fitz Count (d. 1221), and they had several children, including:
* William Brewer (d. 1232), married Joan, daughter of William de Redvers, Earl of Devon.
* Richard Brewer (d. 1215).Watkin, 'A Great Devonian: William Brewer', p. 82]
* Graecia, married Reginald de Braose.
* Margaret, married three times, lastly to Geoffrey de Saye

William Brewer, Bishop of Exeter, was one of Brewer's nephews.

Notes

References

* Church, S. D., ‘Brewer , William (d. 1226)’, "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography", (Oxford University Press, 2004) [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/3369, accessed 11 Sept 2008]
* Dugdale, W., "The Baronage of England" (London, 1875-6), pp. 700-2
* Seymour, D., "Torre Abbey", (Exeter, 1977), pp. 47-52
* Turner, R. V., "Men Raised From The Dust" (Philadelphia, 1988), pp. 71-90
* Watkin, H. R., 'A Great Devonian: William Briwer', "Devonshire Association Report and Transactions" 50 (1918), pp. 69-169