TORRO scale

TORRO scale

The TORRO tornado intensity scale (or T-Scale) is a scale measuring tornado intensity between T0 and T11. It was developed by Terence Meaden of the Tornado and Storm Research Organisation (TORRO), a meteorological organisation in the United Kingdom, as an extension of the Beaufort scale.

History and derivation from Beaufort scale

The scale was tested from 1972-1975 and was made public at a meeting of the Royal Meteorological Society in 1975. The scale sets T0 as the equivalent of 8 on the Beaufort scale and is related to the Beaufort scale (B) by the formula:

: "B" = 2 ("T" + 4)

and conversely:

: "T" = ("B"/2 - 4)

See also

* Enhanced Fujita Scale
* Fujita scale
* Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale
* Tornado intensity and damage
* List of tornadoes and tornado outbreaks

References

* Grazulis, Thomas P. (1993). "Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991, A Chronology and Analysis of Events". The Tornado Project of Environmental Films: St. Johnsbury, VT. ISBN 1-879362-03-1
* Meaden, G. T. (1976). "Tornadoes in Britain: Their intensities and distribution in space and time". "Journal of Meteorology", UK, 1 (8), pp 242-251.
* --- (1985). "A study of tornadoes in Britain, with assessments of the general tornado risk potential and the specific risk potential at particular regional sites". "Journal of Meteorology", UK, 8 (79), pp 151-153.

External links

* [http://www.torro.org.uk/TORRO/severeweather/tscale.php TORRO Tornado Intensity Scale]
* [http://www.tordach.org/topics/intensity_en.htm Determination of tornado or downburst intensity] (TorDACH)


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