- Antoinette Fouque
Antoinette Fouque (born 1937 as Antoinette Grugnardi), is a psychoanalyst and leader of the French women's movement.
Fouque was born in a poor neighbourhood of
Marseille to Alexis Grugnardi, a Corsican syndicalist. Early in life, Fouque listened to the speeches of communist leaderMaurice Thorez . She became a teacher, married René Fouque, and developed an interest inLatin culture andItalian literature . With René Fouque, Anoinette Fouque participated in the literary journal "Cahiers du Sud". Between 1965 and 1969, she read Italian manuscripts for Éditions du Seuil. Fouque read Lacan before reading Freud.Together with
Monique Wittig and Josiane Chanel, she founded the Mouvement de Libération des Femmes in 1968. This movement denied being feminist, and rejectedSimone de Beauvoir 'sexistentialism in favour ofstructuralism and libertarianMarxism . The political form of the movement was called "Psychanalyse et Politique", which consisted of multiple groups and subgroups throughoutFrance . Conflict developed within the movement between Fouque and Wittig, since the former was influenced by Lacan and the latter by Marcuse.Between 1969 and 1975, Fouque underwent psychoanalysis with Jacques Lacan; she said that this helped her "not to yield to the feminist illusion. He made me avoid the idea that a woman can only be a failed man. He allowed me to criticize Sartre and Beauvoir." Fouque also underwent psychoanalysis with
Luce Irigaray . In 1974, Fouque met Serge Leclaire and discussed undergoing analysis with him, but the analysis did not take place. Leclaire became a friend of Fouque, and worked with "Psychanalyse et Politique". Between 1978 and 1982, Fouque underwent psychoanalysis with Bela Grunberger. Fouque stated that she found Grunberger misogynistic. [cite book |first=Elisabeth. |last=Roudinesco |year=1990|title=Jacques Lacan & Co: A History of Psychoanalysis in France, 1925-1985|publisher=The University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |id= ISBN 0-226-72997-4 ]Fouque has been decorated with the Legion of Honour, and was awarded a doctorate in political science by the University of Paris 8. She has appeared on French television with the actress
Catherine Deneuve . [cite book |first=Theodore. |last=Zeldin |year=1994 |title=An Intimate History of Humanity|publisher=HarperCollins Publishers|location=Chicago |id= ISBN 0-06-017160-X ]References
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