Riprap

Riprap

Riprap — also known as rip rap, rubble, shot rock or rock armour — is rock or other material used to armor shorelines and streambeds against water and sometimes ice erosion.

It is normally made from hard rock, commonly granite or concrete rubble recycled from construction sites, and is used to protect coastlines from erosion and other coastal processes caused by the sea. It is also used inland on lakes, rivers, and other waterways to protect the banks from erosion.

Workings

It normally works by absorbing the impact of a wave before the wave reaches the cliff or sea defence, and so minimises the erosion caused by the wave.

It is frequently used to protect the base of old Edwardian/Victorian sea walls, which due to the vertical wall, are often undermined. The riprap absorbs the impact of the waves if they shoot up the wall, and then fall back down.

References

* Ciria-CUR (2007) - [http://www.google.fr/books?id=DXXLGAAACAAJ&dq=%22rock+manual%22 Rock Manual - The use of rock in hydraulic engineering] .
* N.W.H. Allsop (2002) - [http://www.google.fr/books?id=0XtfQ_iW0_YC&pg=PA198&dq=%22rock+manual%22&sig=Md2PBRHD8-15d5phk0lD_4z69fY#PPP1,M1 Breakwaters, coastal structures and coastlines] .

ee also

*Erosion control
*Riparian zone
*Revetment
*Accropode
*Baer's law
*Construction aggregate
*Dimension stone
*Limestone

External links

* [http://chl.erdc.usace.army.mil/%5CMedia/2/8/4%5C700.pdf Design example, USACE]
* [http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/water/pubs/fs_st/stfs16.htm Ohio Dept. of Natural Resources riprap guide]
* [http://www.usbr.gov/pmts/hydraulics_lab/pubs/pap/PAP-0790.pdf US Bureau of Reclamation publication on riprap for dam overtopping]
* [http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/permits/water/answers.html#riprap Minnesota DNR]
* [http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/stone_crushed/cstonmyb05.pdf USGS Minerals Yearbook: Stone, Crushed]


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Look at other dictionaries:

  • riprap — [rip′rap΄] n. [echoic redupl. of RAP ] ☆ 1. a foundation or wall made of large chunks of stone thrown together irregularly or loosely, as in water or on a soft bottom ☆ 2. chunks of stone used for this vt. riprapped, riprapping ☆ 1. to make a… …   English World dictionary

  • Riprap — Rip rap , v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Riprapped}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Riprapping}.] To form a riprap in or upon. [1913 Webster] …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • riprap — also rip rap, loose stone thrown down in water or soft ground as foundation, 1822, Amer.Eng., from earlier nautical meaning stretch of rippling water (often caused by underwater elevations), 1660s, probably of imitative origin (Cf. riprap a sharp …   Etymology dictionary

  • Riprap — Rip rap , n. [Cf. {Rap}.] (Masonry) A foundation or sustaining wall of stones thrown together without order, as in deep water or on a soft bottom, or in a river channel. [1913 Webster +PJC] …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Riprap — by Gary Snyder (1959)    While Gary Snyder was in Japan, Cid Corman visited from Italy and, with financial support from lawrence ferlinghetti, arranged for the first edition of this book, Snyder’s first published volume of poetry, to be printed… …   Encyclopedia of Beat Literature

  • riprap — I. noun Etymology: obsolete riprap sound of rapping Date: 1833 1. a foundation or sustaining wall of stones or chunks of concrete thrown together without order (as in deep water); also a layer of this or similar material on an embankment slope to …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • riprap — n. pile of broken stones used for foundations (in water or on soft grounds) or embankment; foundation made of broken stones put together loosely; stone wall used as a barrier to break the force of waves; material or stones used for riprap v.… …   English contemporary dictionary

  • riprap — N. Amer. noun loose stone used to form a foundation for a breakwater or other structure. verb (ripraps, riprapping, riprapped) strengthen with riprap. Origin C19: reduplication of rap1 …   English new terms dictionary

  • riprap — akmenų metinys statusas Aprobuotas sritis statyba apibrėžtis Konstrukcinis elementas iš sumestų akmenų be rišamosios medžiagos, naudojamas vandentėkmių vagoms ir (arba) krantams, vandens telkinių krantams, dambų ir užtvankų šlaitams tvirtinti.… …   Lithuanian dictionary (lietuvių žodynas)

  • riprap — large rocks or artificial structures used to stabilise stream banks or protect areas subject to wave action against erosion …   Dictionary of ichthyology

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