Kabloona

"Kabloona" is a book by French adventurer Gontran De Poncins, written in collaboration with Lewis Galantiere, first published in English in 1941. It recounts Poncins solo unsupported journey in the Canadian arctic near King William Island where he lived with the Inuit (in those days, still generally called the Eskimos) for about 15 months during the period 1938 to late 1939. Poncins was a French aristocratic Count of about 40 years old. The book contains many drawings by the author and 10 pages of black and white photographs, and it is considered a classic in travel literature and anthropology.

Poncins explores Inuit culture and the Inuit world view, leaving the reader with a deeper understanding of such things as wife-swapping, living in an igloo at 40 degrees below zero, why and how Inuit have feasts lasting 20 hours at a stretch, their concepts of time and family life, their perspectives on Europeans and European food and gear, the Inuit diet, hunting techniques, wildlife, nomadic life, dogs, weather, clothing, communal sharing of goods and notions of private property.

Poncins was not a scientist and did not study the Inuit from a scientific perspective. Rather, he provides his own stylized personal points of view and descriptions of Inuit life. In the book, he is initially disparaging of the Inuit way of life, seeing it as primitive and often using the description "cave man". Indeed, a clear theme of racial superiority, described in terms of innate intelligence and physical appearances, and cultural superiority in terms of morals and ethics pervades the first part of his work. As the book progresses and his hardships in the harsh Arctic environment take their toll (at one point Poncins runs 1400 miles behind a dogsled), he begins to find a new appreciation for the Inuit way of life, for their intelligence and resourcefulness, and experiences to a spiritual awakening; ultimately reaching a point where he discovers that he himself has become so well adapted to the Inuit way of life that he is no longer a "Kabloona" and has become one of them.

The term "kabloona"

The title "Kabloona" is a transcription of the Inuktitut word nowadays spelled "qallunaaq" (in some western dialects "qablunaaq"). It is a term originally used to describe white Europeans - a reference to their "qalluit", the bushy eyebrows that the Inuit saw as the distinctive feature of Europeans. Nowadays, its use is a bit vaguer. It can mean Anglo-Canadian in contrast to other ethnolinguistic groups like the "uiviimiut" - French Canadians. Alternately, it is used to describe non-Inuit Canadian society, or even occidental society as a whole. In the 1940s however, Inuit made fewer of those distinctions, and the term could easily apply to Poncins despite his French ethnicity.

References

*Gontran De Poncins (author), Lewis Galantiere (collaborator). "Kabloona". 1941. ISBN 1-55597-249-7
*Gontran De Poncins (author), Eric Linklater (intro). [http://www.archive.org/details/Kabloona "Kabloona"] . London, 1942. Full-text online. Scanned book via Internet Archive.