George L. Willard

George Lamb Willard (August 15, 1827 – July 2, 1863) was an officer in the Union Army who commanded a New York regiment and, briefly, a brigade in the American Civil War. He lost his life leading the brigade in the II Corps at the Battle of Gettysburg.

Early life and career

George L. Willard was born in New York City on August 15, 1827. He served in the Mexican War. By the war’s end, Willard had reached the rank of sergeant in the 15th U.S. Infantry. For his part in the war, he was made a second lieutenant in the 8th U.S. Infantry. Willard remained in the regular service until the outbreak of the Civil War, rising to the rank of captain in the 8th Infantry. At the outbreak of the war, Willard was unwilling to give up his regular commission—by then a major in the 19th U. S. Infantry, and so he missed for a time any chance to command a regiment of volunteers. [Pfanz, p. 404.]

Civil War

Harpers Ferry

Willard became colonel of the 125th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment. [ [http://www.dmna.state.ny.us/historic/reghist/civil/infantry/125thInf/125thInfMain.htm Ney York state website] ] In this case Willard was allowed to retain his commission in the regular army. Willard suffered misfortune while commanding his regiment at Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, in 1862. His raw recruits did not distinguish themselves in the Battle of Harpers Ferry, in which they fell apart under fire during the fighting on Bolivar Heights. They were too frightened, especially by the enfilade fire coming in from Loudon Heights to rally. [Teetor, pp. 160, 167, 181.] When the garrison was surrendered to Stonewall Jackson by Col. Dixon S. Miles, Willard and his men became prisoners of war.

When 125th was paroled in early 1863, Willard was in charge until it was exchanged for captured Confederate troops. During that period, these New Yorkers were encamped at [Camp Douglass] in Chicago, Illinois. Then they were assigned to the defenses of Washington, D. C. in the division of Brig. Gen. Silas Casey, part of a brigade of New York veterans of Harpers Ferry led by Brig. Gen. Alexander Hays. The brigade became the third in Casey's division of the XXII Corps in February of 1863. Willard also testified before the military commission that investigated the surrender of Harpers Ferry. He was critical of the conduct of Miles and was quoted by another officer as thinking the garrison’s commander unfit to be in charge. [Teetor, pp. 120, 181-182.]

Gettysburg

The units of the “Harper’s Ferry Brigade” were joined the Army of the Potomac on June 28, 1863. They were assigned to II Corps, where they became the 3rd Brigade, 3rd Division under General Hays. Maj. Gen. William H. French having been assigned to detached duty in the Middle Department, Hays became division commander in his place. Willard duly succeeded by seniority to command of the brigade. The veterans of II Corps did not greet the “Harpers Ferry Cowards”” kindly until they had proven their courage in combat.

The 3rd Brigade marched northward in heat and dust of the summer of 1863, halting at Uniontown, Maryland, on June 30. The grueling march had caused many to fall out of the ranks, joining only when the division encamped. On July 1, when the division crossed into Pennsylvania, the third brigade was at the rear of the column, guarding the wagon train. Reaching Gettysburg, Pennsylvania late on July 1, Willard’s command camped along the Taneytown Road behind the Round Tops. Early on July 2, the brigade moved up to Cemetery Ridge, taking a position near the Bryan farm.

Late on July 2, when Maj. Gen. Winfield S. Hancock had been placed in charge of the Army’s endangered left flank, he sent back to his II Corps for reinforcements. A courier found Hays and Willard together. Hays ordered Willard to take his brigade to the left and “knock the Hell” out of the Confederates. [Gottfried, p. 177.] Hancock appeared and led Willard’s brigade to the left himself. Forming a line of battle just north of Weikert’s Woods, the brigade had three regiments in line with a fourth in reserve. (That regiment participated in repulsing the Confederate brigade of Brig. Gen. Cadmus Wilcox.) [Pfanz, map 16-2.]

Willard’s men stopped the victorious advance of Brig. Gen. William Barksdale, which had captured the Union position at the Peach Orchard and then pressed forward toward Cemetery Ridge. Willard ordered the two regiments on his right forward, pushing the Confederate back. Some of Willard’s men are reported to have yelled, as they charged, “Remember Harpers Ferry!” The New Yorkers recovered abandoned Union guns, but they came under heavy fire from Confederate artillery after crossing Plum Run. Willard had just ordered his men back to their start line when he was hit in the face by an artillery round. [Gottfried, p. 178.] Colonel Willard died on the spot, leaving command of the brigade to Col. Eliakim Sherrill. Lt. Col. James M. Bull, 126th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment, who filed the brigade's report, gives a detailed account of this counterattack. [ [http://www.civilwarhome.com/bullgettysburg.htm Civil War Home] ]

Memorials

A small monument—dedicated on June 2, 1886—stands on the Gettysburg battlefield near where Willard fell, [Recker, Stephen, [http://www.virtualgettysburg.com/exhibit/monuments/pages/cm044.html Virtual Gettysburg] ] . His body was recovered and transported back to his family. He was buried in Oakwood Cemetery in Troy, New York. [ [http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=7424815 Find A Grave] ] Camp #154 of the Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War in Albany, New York is named for Willard. [ [http://glwillard154.org/home.htm Camp #154 website] ]

References

* Gottfried, Barry M., "Brigades of Gettysburg", Cambridge, Massachusetts: Da Capo Press, 2002. ISBN 0-306-81175-8
* Pfanz, Harry W., "Gettysburg the Second Day" Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1987.
* Teetor, Paul R., "A matter of hours: treason at Harper's Ferry", Rutherford, New Jersey: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press; London: Associated University Presses, 1982. ISBN 0-8386-3012-X

Notes