Juan Correa de Vivar

Juan Correa de Vivar (Mascaraque, c. 1510 - 16 of April of 1566) was a Spanish painter.

Life

Juan’s date of birth has been determined to be around 1510. Records show he grew up wealthy. When Juan was 17 or 18 years old he joined an artist workshop in Burgundy where he met with many other Spanish artists at the time, including Pedro de Cisneros whom he befriended.

Juan’s brother Eufrasia and Eufrasia’s son Rodrigo also grew up to be artists. Rodrigo was apprenticed with his uncle, and continued some of his uncle’s works after his death. In Mascaraque Juan was a substantial landowner with a nice house where he did a lot of his painting. He took frequent trips but always stayed in the Toledo area.

Juan was married and a religious man. It can be seen in his testament: a copy was found in the church files of Mascaraque. When he died, Juan split all his possessions between his nephew Rodrigo and the church of Mascaraque.

Juan was a well-regarded painter during his life, but many records were lost. His works and life were brought to light again when the researcher and art historian Ceán Bermudez in 1800 published a dictionary of famous artists and included a brief article about his works and Italian influences. The full reconstruction of its biography has been primarily accomplished in the 20th century.

Records show Juan passed away on April 16, 1566 in San Miguel. Juan’s body was taken back to Mascaraque where he was buried, in the same plot where his parents were lain to rest. Many members of the artistic community came to the funeral service, including architects Alonso de Covarrubias and Nicholas de Vergara, the sculptor Francisco de Linares, and the painters Diego de Aguilar and Blas Pablín.

Works

Juan was heavily influenced by Raphael. One of his most important works was the altarpiece of the church of Almonacid de Zorita, in Mondéjar. This work was done in collaboration with Alonso de Covarrubias. It was destroyed in World War II in 1936-39. From Raphael he took his colorful tone and delicate and smooth figures. Over the years his style evolved into more dynamic forms of Mannerism, especially with respect to the way to bring about violent movement in the figures.

In the province of Toledo have been found some of Juan’s better known works. This includes the altarpiece of San Roque, in Almorox, and the altarpiece of the collegiate church of Torrijos, whose twelve tables were done with the help of students of their factory. The Museo del Prado of Madrid also includes many excellent examples of his work.

His first independent works began when he was twenty years old. Some of the work came to him through familiar contacts. For example Juan’s paintings for the greater altarpiece of Clarisas of Nectarine, between 1532 and 1534, were funded by his uncle Don Rodrigo de Vivar.Included works in these early years are also the table of the Birth of the Santa María de Guadalupe monastery, and the altarpiece of identical subject that Juan did for Stewing and which today can be found in both the Museo del Prado and the Museum of Santa Cruz de Toledo. The influence of his teacher, very evident in these first works, became more diluted over the years.

In the Forties some of his masterpieces can can be found at the monastery of San Martin de Valdeiglesias today. There were also highly admired altarpieces that were taken to the Prado after the ecclesiastical confiscation of 1836 and museum distributed the national them by other pinacotecas like the one of Saragossa or Vigo, churches like San Jerónimo el Real of Madrid or in the deposit of the same Prado. Between 1550 and 1566, the year of his death, Juan’s style became more personal, taking on a mannerism style that make his figures more forceful and energetic, but without losing his traditional elegance.