- Kyustendil dialect
The Kyustendil dialect is a Bulgarian dialect, member of the
Southwestern Bulgarian dialects , which is spoken in the region ofKyustendil in central western Bulgaria. It borders on the Transitional dialects to the north, theDupnitsa dialect to the east and theBlagoevgrad-Petrich dialect to the south. It is closely related to the Dupnitsa dialect.Phonological and morphological characteristics
* щ/жд (IPA|ʃt/IPA|ʒd) for Proto-Slavic IPA|*tʲ/IPA|*dʲ (as in Standard Bulgarian) - "леща, между" (lentils, between). The future tense particle, however, is "че": "че че'темe" vs. Standard Bulgarian "ще четем" (we will read)
* Vowel a for Old Bulgarian Unicode |ѫ (yus): "маж" vs. formal Bulgarian "мъж" (man). Limited number of u reflexes of yus (as in the Samokov and theDupnitsa dialect ): "пупка" vs. Standard Bulgarian "пъпка" (pimple)
* Vowel o for Old Bulgarian ъ in suffixes and prefixes and most roots and a limited number of a reflexes in certain roots: "сос него" vs. Standard Bulgarian "със него" (with him), "бочва" vs. Standard Bulgarian "бъчва" (cask) but "вашка" vs. Standard Bulgarian "въшка" (louse)
* Vocalic r for Old Bulgarian ръ/рь instead of the combination ръ/ър (IPA|rə/IPA|ər) in Standard Bulgarian - "дрво" instead of "дърво" (tree).
* The reflex of Old Bulgarian лъ/ль is: : Before non-labial consonant - schwa (IPA|ə): "съза" vs. formal Bulgarian "сълза": Before labial consonant - u: "вуна" vs. formal Bulgarian "вълна" (wool)
* Verb ending -м in verbs of the first and second conjugation: "чет'ем" vs. formal Bulgarian "чет'ъ" (I read)
* Adverbial participal on "-ечки" (vs. "-ейки/айки" in Standard Bulgarian): "играечки" vs. formal Bulgarian "играейки" (while playing)
* Еnding йe instead of formal Bulgarian и for multi-syllable masculine nouns ("галабйе" instead of "гълъби")
* Dynamic stressFor other phonological and morphological characteristics typical for all Southwestern dialects, cf.
Southwestern Bulgarian dialects .ources
Стойков, Стойко: Българска диалектология, Акад. изд. "Проф. Марин Дринов", 2006 [http://www.promacedonia.org/jchorb/st/st_2_b_zap_2.htm#kjustendilski]
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