Henry Mouzon

Infobox Military Person
name= William Henry Mouzon II
lived= birth date and age|1741|5|18|df=no
birth= May 18, 1741
death= August 25, 1807
placeofbirth= Mouzon, South Carolina, USA
allegiance= Continental Army,
South Carolina Militia
battles= Battle of Black Mingo
serviceyears= 1777-1780
rank= lieutenant,
Captain
units= 3rd South Carolina Regiment

Henry Mouzon II was a distinguished colonial era patriot and renowned civil engineer. He prepared the definitive survey of the North and South Carolina Colonies prior to the start of the Revolutionary War. He served as an Officer of the Continental Line and as a Militia Officer in Francis Marion’s Brigade, where he distinguished himself in the Battle of Black Mingo.

Early life

Mouzon’ s family was of French Huguenot ancestry. His parents were William Henry Mouzon, I (born 1713) and Anne Videau. The family immigrated to Mouzon, South Carolina which is located in present-day Williamsburg County. Their son William Henry II was born on May 18, 1741 at the Mouzon Plantation. William Henry II spoke fluent French. Following his father’s death in 1749, eight-year-old Henry II was sent to France to further his education.

The Mouzon Map

Mouzon subsequently graduated from the Sorbonne as a civil engineer and surveyor of the first rank. He received his first important public commission in 1771, when he and Ephraim Mitchell were appointed by Governor Lord Charles Grevill Montague to survey the boundaries of the civil districts of South Carolina. In May 1774, Mouzon advertised a proposal for a corrected map of South Carolina which was to be issued the following January. When the map was published it included both North and South Carolina and corrected some of the mistakes of two previous maps of the area (James Cook’s 1773 map of South Carolina and John Colett’ s 1770 map of North Carolina).

Mouzon’s map became an important military asset for those fighting in the Southern theater of operations during the Revolutionary War. The copy of the Mouzon map carried by George Washington is preserved at the American Geographical Society in Washington, D.C. [http://www.state.sc.us/scdah/exhibits/revolution/mouzon.htm] The copy of the Mouzon map carried by Lord Cornwallis, the British Commander, is preserved at the University of Michigan Library in Ann Arbor. The Mouzon map remained the chief map of the region during the 40 or 50 years after its publication.

Family life

Mouzon married Susannah Taylor on January 10, 1769 at Black Mingo, South Carolina. Henry and Susannah were the parents of 10 children: Ann, Peter, William Henry III, Samuel Ruffin, Susannah Videau, Sara Elizabeth, Mary Bonneau, Henry Videau, Edward, and James.

ervice in the Revolutionary War

Mouzon’s life is closely connected to that of his first cousin and closest friend, General Francis Marion, the "Swamp Fox." Francis and Mouzon served together as Lieutenants under Colonels Montgomery and Grant in the colonial campaigns against the Cherokee Indians. Mouzon was commissioned by the Continental Congress as a lieutenant in the Continental Army in 1777. He served in the Third South Carolina Regiment until the fall of Charleston, South Carolina to the British on May 12, 1780. Soon after the fall of Charleston, the British sent three armies from the city to establish garrisons of soldiers in every thickly-settled community in the province. In support of this effort, the Legion of Lieutenant Colonial Banastre Tarleton was sent from Georgetown, South Carolina to Camden, South Carolina by way of Kingstree. Tarleton burned Mouzon's plantation, reportedly because Mouzon was a French Huguenot; this marked the only action of Tarleton's in this campaign that Cornwallis approved. [Boddie, William W. "Traditions of the Swamp Fox": 71-2. Boddie cites Tarleton’ s own memoirs in support of this passage.]

Following the destruction of the Mouzon Plantation on August 7, 1780, the citizens of Williamsburg sent Major James to Georgetown, South Carolina to inquire of the British Commander, Naval Captain Ardesoif, of the conditions of their parole. James was informed by Ardesoif that the paroled officers of Williamsburg would be expected to take up arms against their countrymen. James left the meeting in a great state of agitation and returned back to Williamsburg, where a battalion was organized under Captain Mouzon and several others. Mouzon and two other men left to find Colonel Francis Marion and bring him to Williamsburg to command the battalion. [Boddie, William W. "Traditions of the Swamp Fox".] On September 14, 1780, Marion's forces attacked those of Colonel Cumming Ball at the Battle of Black Mingo Creek. Mouzon was severely injured in this battle; his injuries would affect him for the rest of his life. [Boddie, William W. "Traditions of the Swamp Fox": 98-9.]

ee also

*Battle of Black Mingo
*Francis Marion

External Links

* [http://www.state.sc.us/scdah/exhibits/revolution/mouzon.htm The Mouzon Map]
* [http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/ncmaps,125 "An Accurate Map of North and South Carolina With Their Indian Frontiers."] High resolution image of Henry Mouzon's 1775 map of North and South Carolina.

References