John de Stratford

Infobox Archbishop of Canterbury
Full name = John de Stratford


began=unknown
birth_name =
consecration = provided 26 November 1333
term_end = 23 August 1348
predecessor = Simon Mepeham
successor = John de Ufford
birth_date =
death_date = 23 August 1348
deathplace = Mayfield, Sussex
tomb =

John de Stratford (died 1348) was Archbishop of Canterbury and Treasurer and Chancellor of England.

Life

John was born at Stratford-on-Avon and educated at Merton College, Oxford, afterwards entering the service of Edward II.

He served as archdeacon of Lincoln, canon of York and dean of the court of arches before 20 June 1323, when he became bishop of Winchester,Fryde "Handbook of British Chronology" p. 277] an appointment which was made during his visit to Pope John XXII at Avignon and which was very much disliked by Edward II. In 1327 the bishop joined Queen Isabella's partisans; he drew up the six articles against Edward II, and was one of those who visited the captive king at Kenilworth to urge him to abdicate in favour of his son. On 26 November 1326 he was appointed Lord Treasurer of England, a post he held until 28 January 1327.Fryde "Handbook of British Chronology" p. 105]

Under Edward III he became a member of the royal council, but his high political importance dates from the autumn of 1330, the time when Roger Mortimer lost his power. In November of that year Stratford became chancellor, and for the next ten years he was actively engaged in public business, being the king's most prominent adviser and being politically, says Stubbs, the "head of the Lancastrian or constitutional party."

On 3 November 1333 he was appointed archbishop of CanterburyFryde "Handbook of British Chronology" p. 233] and he resigned the chancellorship in the following year; however, he held this office again from 1335 to 1337 and for about two months in 1340.Fryde "Handbook of British Chronology" p. 86] In November of 1340 Edward III, humiliated, impecunious and angry, returned suddenly to England from Flanders and vented his wrath upon the archbishop's brother, the chancellor, Robert de Stratford. Fearing arrest John de Stratford fled to Canterbury, and entered upon a violent war of words with the king, and by his firm conduct led to the establishment of the principle that peers were only to be tried in full parliament before their own order ("en pleyn parlement et devant les piers"). But good relations were soon restored between the two, and the archbishop acted as president of the council during Edward's absence from England in 1345 and 1346, although he never regained his former position of influence.Powell "The House of Lords in the Middle Ages" p. 335-43] His concluding years were mainly spent in the discharge of his spiritual duties, and he died at Mayfield in Sussex on 23 August 1348.

Robert de Stratford and Ralph de Stratford, bishop of London from 1340 until his death at Stepney on 7 April 1354, were members of the same family. All three prelates were benefactors to Stratford-on-Avon.

Notes

References

*
* Powell, J. Enoch and Keith Wallis "The House of Lords in the Middle Ages: A History of the English House of Lords to 1540" London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson 1968

*1911

Persondata
NAME= Stratford, John de
ALTERNATIVE NAMES= Stratford, John
SHORT DESCRIPTION= Bishop of Winchester; Lord High Treasurer; Lord Chancellor; Archbishop of Canterbury
DATE OF BIRTH=
PLACE OF BIRTH=
DATE OF DEATH=23 August 1348
PLACE OF DEATH=Mayfield, Sussex