Düsseldorf school

The Düsseldorf school of painting was one of the most important German schools of the nineteenth century.New International EncyclopediaFact|date=August 2008] It was the outgrowth of the Academy of Art, founded at Düsseldorf by the Elector Palatine Karl Theodor in 1767, but did not attain importance until Düsseldorf became part of Prussia (1815). The academy was reorganized by Frederick William III, who made Cornelius director. The latter did not hold his post long enough to impress his views upon the school, which represents rather the tendencies of Schadow, under whom it came into great prominence. While the school of Münich, under Cornelius, was a school of drawing, interested chiefly in frescos, that of Düsseldorf was a real school of painting, which worked chiefly on panels and canvas, and paid some attention to color.

Relationships to Munich

The fine collection of old masters formerly possessed by the Düsseldorf Academy was transferred to Munich in 1805, but some 14,000 drawings and 24,000 engravings of the great masters still remain.

:See: Alte Pinakothek

tudents and directors

Karl Friedrich Lessing directed the school, beginning in 1830 when Schadow went to Italy. Other famous representatives include:
* Andreas Achenbach
* Oswald Achenbach
* Peter Nicolai Arbo
* Max Clarenbach
* P. Cornelius
* Ernst Deger
* Julius Paul Junghanns
* Heinrich Hermanns
* Eduard Hildebrandt
* T. Kroener
* Ludwig Knaus
* Alfred Rethel
* Schirmer
* Karl Ferdinand Sohn
* August Weber

The Düsseldorf school influenced American artists who found the emphasis on landscape compatible with developing American art. Albert Bierstadt, George Caleb Bingham, Emanuel Leutze, and Eastman Johnson studied at the academy.

Publications

Publications include:
* the works entitled "Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule" by Fahne (Düsseldorf, 1837)
* the works by Püttmann, (Leipzig, 1839)
* the works by Rosenberg, (Leipzig, 1886)
* the monographs on "Die Düsseldorfer Kunstakadamie" by Wiegmann (Düsseldorf, 1854)
* the works by Woermann (Düsseldorf, 1880)
* Muller, "Düsseldorfer Künstler" (Leipzig, 1854)
* the works by Blanckarts (Stuttgart, 1877)
* Schaarschmidt, "Zur Geschichte der Düsseldorfer Kunst" (Düsseldorf, 1902)

References

*cite book | author=West, Shearer | title=The Bullfinch Guide to Art | location=UK | publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing | year=1996 | id=ISBN 0-8212-2137-X