Sphodromantis viridis

Taxobox
name = Giant African Mantis

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image_width = 250px
image_caption = "Sphodromantis viridis"
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Arthropoda
classis = Insecta
ordo = Mantodea
familia = Mantidae
genus = "Sphodromantis"
species = "S. viridis"
binomial = "Sphodromantis viridis"
binomial_authority = Forskål, 1775

"Sphodromantis viridis" is a species of praying mantis that is kept worldwide as a pet. [http://www.seattlebugsafari.com/insects.htm Seattle Bug Safari] ] [ [http://www.praying-mantids.co.uk/mantids/] Praying Mantids] [ [http://www.faunaeur.org/full_results.php?id=85719] Fauna Europaea 2004 ] Its common names include African Mantis, Giant African Mantis, and Bush Mantis. [ [http://www.bristolzoo.org.uk/resources/documents/AR_07_pgs_66-71_(Animal_List).pdf] Bristol Zoo] [http://www.bugsdirectuk.com/mantis.html Sphodromantis viridis] ]

Name

"Sphodromantis viridis" is popularly called the African Mantis, but that common name is shared with not only other species in its genus (i.e "S. belachowski", "S. centralis", "S. gastrica", "S. lineola", etc.), but also"Miomantis caffra" and others as well. [ [http://www.treknature.com/gallery/Oceania/New_Zealand/photo135791.htm] Trek Nature New Zealand] [ [http://www.exotic-pets.co.uk/african-mantis.html] African Praying Mantis]

Range

"S. viridis" is native to West Africa south of the Sahara desert. It can also be found as an introduced species in areas outside its original range including Israel [ [http://www.tiuli.com/animal_info.asp?lng=eng&animal_id=26] גמל-שלמה ירוק] and Spain.

Description

Despite its scientific name "S. viridis" ("viridis" is Latin for green [ [http://www.ubcbotanicalgarden.org/potd/2007/03/helleborus_viridis.php] Helleborus ×hybridus ] ) this insect ranges in color from bright green to dull brown. [http://www.wildsideholidays.com/natural/insects-and-creepy-crawlies/93-mantis-and-stick-insects/297-african-mantis-sphodromantis-viridis- African Mantis (Sphodromantis viridis)] ] Females can reach 10 cm in length. Due to the sexual dimorphism typical of mantises, the male is much smaller. Females may also be distinguished from males as they have six segmented abdomens compared to a eight segmented abdomens of the males.

As adults, both genders have a distinctive white spot on their wings. They have a yellowish color on their inner foreleg distinguishable from the black eyespot and white dots of the European mantis "Mantis religiosa" with whom it shares some range.

Reproduction

As with most mantis species, "S. viridis" males are frequently the victims of sexual cannibalism. Female produce an ootheca within a few days of mating and can produce several before she ends her life cycle. Each ootheca produces up to three hundred nymphs when it hatches. This species has also been noted to have produced parthenogenically. [ [http://mantodea.myspecies.info/sites/mantodea.myspecies.info/files/MSG%20NL%201%20(August%201996).pdf] Mantis Study Group August 1996 ]

Cultivation

Because of its size and hardiness, "S. viridis" is popular among those who keep insects as pets. "S. viridis" "is an easy species to keep, very suitable for beginners...They will happily take food of their own size and they will also take pieces of meat if it is offered on a pair of tweezers". [ [http://www.earthlife.net/insects/mantids.html] Crew of Mantids] They are also more tolerant of changes in humidity and temperature than are many other species. [ [http://freespace.virgin.net/noel.batten/sphodromantiscare.html] African Praying Mantis"Sphodromantis gastrica, lineola, viridis" and ["centralis"]

A another breeder of mantises opines that "S. viridis":

...is an attractive species due to its aggressiveness. Anyone interested in looking at how a praying mantis chase down its prey and devour it greedily, this is the species! ...they are not as bulky as Sphodromantis Lineola but aggressive nevertheless. This species was easy to raise, feed them plenty of roaches, crickets, and wild caught flying insects, and they will gladly accept the food. Mating this species was not difficult at all, male will initiate the move and female will be more cooperative when fed well. A warm, well heated enclosure of about 90F works as a catalyst to further improve the chances of mating. [ [http://www.usamantis.com/african_species.html] Yen Saw]

Gallery

nymph shortly after moulting
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nymphs each about 4 mm in length, newly emerged from their ootheca; this photo was taken in Israel where it is an introduced species
Greece where it is an introduced species

ee also

*List of mantis genera and species

References