Hendrik van den Bergh

Hendrik Johan van den Bergh (November 27, 1914 – August 16, 1997 [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/622619/Hendrik-Johan-van-den-Bergh#tab=active~checked%2Citems~checked&title=Hendrik%20Johan%20van%20den%20Bergh%20--%20Britannica%20Online%20Encyclopedia Britannica Online Encyclopedia] ] ) was a South African police official most famous for founding of the Bureau of State Security (B.O.S.S.), an intelligence agency created on May 16, 1969 [http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/chronology/thisday/1969-05-16.htm 16 May 1969: The South African Bureau Of State Security (BOSS) established] South African History Online] to coordinate military and domestic intelligence for the apartheid government [Byrnes, Rita M. (ed) [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+za0142) South Africa: Military Intelligence and Intelligence Coordination] , Library of Congress Country Studies, 1996] as well as to suppress anti-apartheid dissidents. [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_19970821/ai_n14118507 Obituary: Hendrik van den Bergh] , "The Independent", August 21, 1997]

He was known as "Lang Hendrik" (Afrikaans: "Tall Hendrik") on account of his height (6'5")

Biography

Born in Vredefort, Orange Free State into an Afrikaner farming family, van den Bergh was a lifelong Afrikaner nationalist. He opposed South African intervention in World War II, and, with future Prime Minister John Vorster, joined the "Ossewabrandwag" ("Oxwagon Sentinel"), a paramilitary organization modelled on the Nazi SA which engaged in acts of sabotage against the South African government to undermine the war effort. Both men were detained by the government under wartime emergency laws for their activities.

After the war, van den Bergh rose rapidly through the police ranks. In 1963, he founded South Africa's first intelligence agency, the precursor to B.O.S.S. He and Vorster (now Justice Minister under Prime Minister H.F. Verwoerd) used new security legislation to crush growing resistance against apartheid. [Byrnes, Rita M. (ed) [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+za0037) South Africa: The ANC and the PAC Turn to Violence] , Library of Congress Country Studies, 1996]

Although van den Bergh denied B.O.S.S.'s use of hit squads against its enemies, he is nevertheless remembered for sanctioning the use of torture, assassinations, and other tactics against the government's enemies, and he once told a government commission, "I have enough men to commit murder if I tell them to kill. I don't care who the prey is. These are the type of men I have."

In the mid-1970s, the burgeoning Angolan Civil War between the pro-Soviet MPLA and the anticommunist UNITA factions, drew the attention of the South African government, which feared growing Soviet infiltration in the region. The government was divided on how best to counter the Soviet involvement, with Defence Minister P.W. Botha and Chief of the Army Magnus Malan advocating an all-out invasion, and Prime Minister Vorster (who had succeeded the assassinated Verwoerd in 1966) and van den Bergh favoring only a limited, covert operation. In the end, the latter option was chosen, and the South African intervention ended in a fiasco, when South African forces, in sight of the Angolan capital, were repulsed by a fresh influx of Cuban troops. The United States, which had covertly backed the operation, was forced to withdraw its support when Congress vetoed the Ford Administration's request for funding for UNITA; as a result, South Africa was forced to withdraw in humiliation. [ [http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/people/bios/botha-pw.htm Pieter Willem Botha] South African History Online]

B.O.S.S. became increasingly powerful as the 1970s progressed, much to the dismay of Botha; by some accounts, the organization now wielded more influence than the Ministries of Defence and Foreign Affairs.

Nevertheless, B.O.S.S., and by extension van den Bergh himself, met its downfall just a few years later. In 1979, Vorster, who had become State President in 1978, resigned amidst the Muldergate Scandal, in which government funds were used to buy a pro-government English newspaper, "The Citizen". B.O.S.S. was found to have been deeply involved in the scandal, as well. [ [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,916678,00.html?iid=chix-sphere Rhoodie's Story] , "TIME" magazine, March 26, 1979] [ [http://www.newint.org/features/1980/05/01/propaganda/ More Dirty Tricks] "New Internationalist", May 1980, Issue 087] [ [http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/library-resources/articles_papers/information-scandal.htm The Information Scandal] South African History Online] The following year, Botha, who had succeeded Vorster as Prime Minister, called for van den Bergh's resignation, and in 1980, B.O.S.S. was replaced by a new agency, the National Intelligence Service, and van den Bergh was replaced with Dr. Lukas Barnard.

In the aftermath of the scandal, van den Bergh retired and faded from public view to take up chicken farming. Reportedly, he was working on his memoirs in the 1980s, but abandoned the project under pressure from the government.

Van den Bergh died at Bronkhorstpruit, Pretoria, aged 82, in 1997. He had been married twice.

ee also

*South African Bureau of State Security
*Muldergate Scandal

Notes

Further reading

*Woods, Donald. "Biko". Penguin Books, 1994. ISBN 978-0140109115
*Byrnes, Rita M. (ed) " [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/zatoc.html South Africa: A Country Study] ", Library of Congress Country Studies, 1996