Graphocephala coccinea

Graphocephala coccinea
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hemiptera
Family:	Cicadellidae
Subfamily:	Cicadellinae
Genus:	Graphocephala
Species:	G. coccinea
Binomial name
Graphocephala coccinea (Forster, 1771)
Synonyms
Cicada coccinea Forster, 1771 Tettigonia quadrivittata Say, 1830 Tettigonia picta Walker, 1851 Tettigonia teliformis Walker, 1851 Tettigonia idonea Fowler, 1900

Graphocephala coccinea is a meadow and woodland-dwelling species of brightly-colored leafhopper native to North and Central America, from Canada south to Panama.^[1] Common names include candy-striped leafhopper, red-banded leafhopper, scarlet-and-green leafhopper and red-and-blue leafhopper.

G. coccinea adults measure 6.7–8.4 mm in length and have vivid blue (or green) and red (or orange-red) stripes on their wings and the top of their thorax combined with bright yellow coloration on their head, legs, abdomen, and elsewhere.

Leafhoppers feed on plant sap with the aid of specialized mouthparts.

Pierce's disease

G. coccinea has been identified as one of several leafhopper species that is a vector in leaf scorch caused by the gammaproteobacteria Xylella fastidiosa (also known as "Pierce's disease"). X. fastidiosa is responsible for the decline of certain woody plants such as elm, oak, and other ornamental trees.^[2] According to a research entomologist at the United States National Arboretum, "An understanding of the transmission of this bacterium by insect vectors is economically important because there is neither any known effective therapy for infected trees and shrubs nor a strategy for preventing infection."^[3]

Subspecies

At least three subspecies of G. coccinea have been named: G. coccinea confluenta, G. coccinea punctata, and G. coccinea sambuci (all Olsen 1918).^[1]

References

1. ^ ^{a b} United States Department of Agriculture
2. ^ USDA Agricultural Research Service
3. ^ Dr. Jo-Ann Bentz, Research Entomologist