- List of parties to the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
Participation in the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban TreatyThe list of parties to the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty encompasses the states who have signed and ratified the international agreement banning all nuclear explosions in all environments. States not party to the treaty are also listed, including those that are signatories and those are not.
On 26 September 1996, the
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) was opened for signature. All five nuclear weapons states recognized under theNuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, andthe United States ) signed the treaty, with 66 other states following that day. [cite web|title=FAQs: CTBTO Preparatory Commission (31)|url=http://www.ctbto.org/faqs/?uid=31&cHash=0a5de2c045|accessdate=2008-07-09|work=CTBTO Preparatory Commission]Fiji became the first state to ratify the treaty on 10 October 1996. As of September 2008, 180 states have signed and 145 states have ratified the treaty. Most recently,Timor-Leste signed andBurundi ratified the treaty on 26 September and 24 September 2008, respectively.cite web |url=http://www.ctbto.org/the-treaty/status-of-signature-and-ratification/ |title=Status of signature and ratification: CTBTO Preparatory Commission |accessdate=2008-07-08 |work=CTBTO Preparatory Commission |date=2008-01-29 ]Signatures are received at the
United Nations headquarters in New York City by authorized representatives of the state. [cite web|title=FAQs: CTBTO Preparatory Commission (40)|url=http://www.ctbto.org/faqs/?uid=40&cHash=23de2c6936|accessdate=2008-07-09|work=CTBTO Preparatory Commission] Ratification is achieved with the approval of either or both of the legislature and executive of the state. The instrument of ratification serves as the document binding the state to the international treaty and can be accepted only with the validating signature of thehead of state or other official with full powers to sign it. [cite web|title=FAQs: CTBTO Preparatory Commission (41)|url=http://www.ctbto.org/faqs/?uid=41&cHash=0ce0d6a95b|accessdate=2008-07-09|work=CTBTO Preparatory Commission] The instrument is deposited with theSecretary-General of the United Nations . [cite web|title=FAQs: CTBTO Preparatory Commission (37)|url=http://www.ctbto.org/faqs/?uid=37&cHash=c4b5ce30a1|accessdate=2008-07-09|work=CTBTO Preparatory Commission]Under the CTBT, there are 195 Annex 1 states [cite web|url=http://www.ctbto.org/fileadmin/content/treaty/treatytext.tt.html|title=Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty|accessdate=2008-07-09|work=United Nations (Article II, Paragraph 28)] which include a subset of 44 Annex 2 states. [cite web|url=http://www.ctbto.org/fileadmin/content/treaty/treatytext.tt.html|title=Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty|accessdate=2008-07-09|work=United Nations (Article XIV)]
* Annex 1 states are agreed upon by conference and currently comprise all 192United Nations member states , theCook Islands ,Holy See andNiue . All Annex 1 states may become members of the Executive Council, the principal decision-making body of the organization responsible for supervising its activities. [cite web|url=http://www.ctbto.org/fileadmin/content/treaty/treatytext.tt.html|title=Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty|accessdate=2008-08-02|work=United Nations (Article I, Section C)] These states are formally bound to the conditions of the treaty; however, their ratification is not necessary for the treaty to come into effect (unless they are also an Annex 2 state).
* Annex 2 states are those that formally participated in the 1996 Conference on Disarmament and possessed nuclear power or research reactors at the time. [cite web|title=FAQs: CTBTO Preparatory Commission (44)|url=http://www.ctbto.org/faqs/?uid=44&cHash=303fb705c1|accessdate=2008-07-09|work=CTBTO Preparatory Commission] Nine Annex 2 states have not ratified the treaty: China,Egypt , India,Indonesia ,Iran ,Israel ,North Korea ,Pakistan , and the United States. The treaty will come into force only with the signature and ratification of the above Annex 2 states of the treaty, 180 days after they have all deposited their instruments of ratification. [cite web|title=FAQs: CTBTO Preparatory Commission (32)|url=http://www.ctbto.org/faqs/?uid=32&cHash=0c38a43d62|accessdate=2008-07-09|work=CTBTO Preparatory Commission]ummary
Non-signatory states
References
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