Prenatal stress

Prenatal stress

Prenatal stress (or prenatal maternal stress) is exposure of an expectant mother to distress, which can be caused by stressful life events or by environmental hardships. The resulting changes to the mother's hormonal and immune system may harm the fetus's (and after birth, the infant's) immune function and brain development. [cite journal |journal= ANS Adv Nurs Sci |date=2005 |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=345–55 |title= Effects of maternal prenatal stress on infant outcomes: a synthesis of the literature |author= Ruiz RJ, Avant KC |pmid=16292020]

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