- IProvo
iProvo is the name of the
Fiber to the Home service owned and operated by the city ofProvo, Utah . It is the largest municipally-ownedFiber to the Home network in theUnited States . Provo's backbone connects homes and businesses throughout the city, as well as municipal buildings, schools, power stations, and traffic signals. Construction began inJuly 2004 and was completed within two years. With the exception of new subdivisions not included in the original build out contract, the fiber optic backbone is available in all areas of the city. The network's fiber optic equipment is manufactured byWorld Wide Packets .iProvo is run as a public-private partnership. The city owns and maintains the fiber optic lines and fiber optic equipment, while private companies provide television, telephone, and Internet services to homes and businesses. The network currently has two service providers:
Mstar andNuvont Communications /Veracity Communications .Development and launch of iProvo
In the late 1990's, a community task force was asked to review the work of technical and business consultants and to explore whether or not the city should build a telecommunication system. After several months of study, the committee recommended that the city move forward with the project.
A phased approach was proposed. Phase I would be the construction of three fiber rings throughout the city for internal city purposes. Phase II would be the Fiber to the Home demonstration project area to be launched in one Provo neighborhood. And Phase III would be a city-wide deployment to every resident and business in Provo.
Phase I began in 2001, followed by a successful trial period in Phase II, and a city-wide build out in Phase III. By December, 2006, only five months following completion of construction, 8,400 customers had subscribed to services offered over iProvo. The number of customers reached 10,000 in September, 2007.
The wholesale model
At the outset, the recommendations of the community task force contemplated that the city would use what has come to be known as a "retail model." In this model, which is the model used by most municipal utilities across the country, the city delivers services directly to the customer.
But the retail model was challenged by incumbent providers in public settings and at the Utah State Legislature. As a result, iProvo uses what is now known as the "wholesale model." Under this scenario, the city builds the network infrastructure and then opens its network to retailers, who offer services across the network.
Why fiber and not other technologies
The city considered a variety of other technology choices including wireless, broadband over power lines, and hybrid fiber-coax.
Fiber to the home clearly had advantages over hybrid fiber-coax, and a sharp decline in costs during the years from when the city first began to study the technology encouraged the city to build a fiber to the home system. While the equipment on each end of the fiber would need to be changed out at regular intervals, studies showed that fiber technology would ensure a long term future for the telecommunication project.
The city chose not to use wireless technologies because they are tenuous, affected by weather, and require line of sight between antennas for good connection, which is not always possible. Security was also an issue, and networks are often crowded and result in reduced bandwidth speed.
A fundamental mission of the city was to build infrastructure that would be for the long term and available to all residents. The incumbent regulated carriers had communicated to the city that the Provo market was low on priority lists for receiving a fiber network. The city felt confident that if a municipally owned network was not built that it would be a number of years before fiber technology would be available to Provo.
Financial status
In late 2006, the
Reason Foundation , a libertarian think-tank, issued a report characterizing iProvo as financially unstable and ineffective at lowering Internet costs or raising broadband use. [Reason Foundation (Titch, S.), [http://www.reason.org/ps353.pdf Spinning its Wheels: An Analysis of Lessons Learned from iProvo’s First 18 Months of Municipal Broadband] ] Provo responded with a white paper challenging Reason's analysis and stating that any conclusions were premature since the full network had been in place for less than a year.In June 2007, " [t] he Provo Municipal Council voted to add $1.2 million in sales tax revenue to the city's budget for the fiscal year 2008 to help iProvo pay off its debt." Additionally, " [t] he city's most recent projections show that iProvo will not be self-sustaining until at least 2011".Daily Herald, [http://www.heraldextra.com/content/view/224122/4/ City approves $1.2 million for iProvo debt] , June 6, 2007] [City of Provo, [http://www.provo.org/util.iprovo_reason.html Iprovo's Response to the Reason Foundation] ] [City of Provo, [http://www.provo.org/downloads/util/building_a_digital_community.pdf Building a Digital Community: A response to "Spinning it's Wheels"; Setting the Record Straight] ]The Reason Foundation updated their analysis of the network on April 16, 2008, and found that iProvo's total losses are likely to exceed $10 million by the end of this fiscal year - and that figure doesn't include the $39.5 million borrowed to launch the project, most of which still needs to be paid back. The Reason Foundation report says Provo "faces the dilemma of continuing to fund iProvo with no break-even point in sight, or it can sell and recoup as much of its investment as it can. [ [http://www.reason.org/news/iprovo_municipal_wifi_broadband_update_041608.shtml Think Tank: iProvo's Losses at $8 Million and Counting] , April 16, 2008]
It regularly generates enough revenue to pay for its operating expenses and most of its bond payments.
Proposed Sale to Broadweave Networks
On May 6, 2008, Mayor Lewis Billings announced a proposed sale of the iProvo network to Broadweave Networks of Lehi, UT. [Deseret News [http://deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,695277113,00.html?linkTrack=rotator:cvr&promoID=2633 Mayor calls iProvo sale a good deal] May 7, 2008] This sale would allow Broadweave to be both the wholesale provider and the sole retail provider. Broadweave will purchase the network for $40.6M though a city-financed loan spread over 19 years. As part of the deal, ownership of the network reverts to the city of Provo should Broadweave become unable to make its payments on the loan. The loan is currently backed by a $6M letter of credit from Sorenson Capital but requires no up-front money on Broadweave's part.
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