- Hasan al-Basri
Infobox_Muslim scholars | notability =
Muslim scholar | era =Islamic golden age | color = #cef2e0 |
| image_caption = |
| name = al-Hasan al-Basri| title= | birth = 642 Fact|date=February 2007| death = AH|110|728|+ [ [http://archive.muslimuzbekistan.com/eng/islam/2002/07/q18072002.html ::: 'ULUM AL-QUR'AN #3 - THE HISTORY OF TAFSIR ::: ] ] or 737 Fact|date=February 2007| Maddhab =
school tradition= | Ethnicity =
Region = | main_interests = | notable idea=
works =
influences = | influenced =Amr Ibn Ubayd Wasil ibn Ata |8A
al-Hasan al-Basri ( _ar. الحسن البصري) (Abu Sa'id al-Hasan ibn Abi-l-Hasan Yasar al-Basri), (642 - 728 or 737), was a well-known
Muslim theologian and scholar ofIslam who was born atMedina fromPersian parents.Biography
His father, Pirouz (
Persian : پيروز, later called Abol Hasan, or Hasan's Father, in Arabic), was aPersian landowner (دهگان) in a village ofKhuzestan who was enslaved during a military campaign of the Second Caliph,Umar , and taken back toMedina . In the course of dividing spoils of war, Pirouz, along with a damsel from his own village, was given to Umm Salama, a wife ofMuhammad . Umm Salama gifted both to one of her close relatives where both were ultimately wed and freed by the couple who received them. [Ahmad ibn Yahya al-Baladhuri ,Kitab Futuh al-Buldan , p.335. ] Tradition says that Umm Salama often nursed Hasan in his infancy. He was thus one of the "Tabi'een " (i.e. of the generation that succeeded the "Sahabah "). He became a teacher ofBasra (Iraq ) and founded a "madrasa " (school) there. Among his many followers wereAmr Ibn Ubayd (d.761) andWasil ibn Ata (d.749), the founder of theMu'tazili tes - which name derives from Arabic verb "i'tizàl" ("to part from", "to separate from"), having Wasil ibn Ata broken all relations he had with his ancient Master (seeHenry Corbin , "History of Islamic Phylosophy", chapter on Wasil ibn Ata and Mu'tazilism).He himself was a great supporter of orthodoxy and the most important representative of
asceticism in the time of its first development. According to him, fear is the basis of morality, and sadness the characteristic of his religion; life is only a pilgrimage, and comfort must be denied to subdue the passions.Fact|date=June 2007 Al-Basri is also held in high regard by theSufis , for his asceticism; ["Hasan of Basra", from "Muslim Saints and Mystics", trans, A.J. Arberry, London:Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1983] however, al-Basri was himself not actually a practitioner of Sufism. [at-Tasawwuf and al-Fuqaraa': Ibn Taimiyyah on Sufism and the Paupers, "Majmoo’ al-Fataawaa" byIbn Taymiyyah ]Many writers testify to the purity of his life and to his excelling in the virtues of Muhammad's own companions. He was "as if he were in the other world."Fact|date=June 2007 In politics, too, he adhered to the earliest principles of
Islam , being strictly opposed to the inherited caliphate of theUmayyad s (r.661-750) and a believer in the election of thecaliph . However, despite his critical position concerning the Umayyads, he did not approve of rebellion against tyrannical rule. His sermons contain some of the earliest and best examples of Arabic linguistic prose style. [John Esposito, "The Oxford Dictionary of Islam", 2003]He was married to a woman of
Ahl al-Kitab [Abu Bakr Jasas in hisTafseer Ahkaam al Qur'an Volume 1 page 333, Beirut edition [http://www.answering-ansar.org/answers/mutah/en/chap4.php] ]ee also
*
Nasr Abu Zayd
*Islam
*Reinhart Dozy , "Essai sur l'histoire de l'islamisme", pp. 201 sqq. (Leiden and Paris, 1879)
*Alfred von Kremer , "Culturgeschichtliche Streifzüge auf dem Gebiete des Islams" , p. 5 seq.
*Reynold Alleyne Nicholson , "A Literary History of the Arabs", pp. 225-227 (London, 1907).
*1911
*ImamNawawi 's "Biographical Dictionary" (ed.F. Wüstenfeld , Göttingen, 1842-1847).
*"Early Islam Between Myth and History: Al-Hasan Al-Baṣrī (d. 110H/728CE) and the Formation of His Legacy in the Formation of Classical Islamic Scholarship", by Sulaiman Ali Mourad, Brill, 2005References
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.