David Blackwell

David Blackwell
David Harold Blackwell
Born	April 24, 1919(1919-04-24) Centralia, Illinois, United States
Died	July 8, 2010(2010-07-08) (aged 91)[1] Berkeley, California
Nationality	American
Fields	Mathematician
Institutions	University of California, Berkeley
Alma mater	University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Doctoral advisor	Joseph Leo Doob
Notable students	Roger J–B Wets
Known for	Rao–Blackwell theorem Blackwell channel

David Harold Blackwell (April 24, 1919 – July 8, 2010) was Professor Emeritus of Statistics at the University of California, Berkeley, and is one of the eponyms of the Rao–Blackwell theorem.^[2] Born in Centralia, Illinois, he was the first African-American inducted into the National Academy of Sciences, and the first black tenured faculty member at UC Berkeley.^[1][3]

Career

In 1935, aged 16, Blackwell entered the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign with the modest intent to teach elementary school mathematics. In 1938 he earned his bachelor's degree in mathematics, a master's degree in 1939, and was awarded a Ph.D. in mathematics in 1941 at the age of 22, all by the University of Illinois.^[4][5]

He did a year of post-doctoral studies as a fellow at Institute for Advanced Study. He departed when he was prevented from attending lectures or undertaking research at nearby Princeton University, which the IAS has historically collaborated with in research and scholarship activities.^[5][6] Seeking a permanent position, he wrote letters of application to 105 Historically Black Colleges and Universities; he felt at the time that a black teacher would be limited to teaching only at black colleges.^[7] He also sought a position at the University of California, Berkeley, and was interviewed by statistician Jerzy Neyman. While Neyman supported his appointment, race-based objections prevented his appointment at that time. He was offered a post at Southern University at Baton Rouge, which he held in 1942–43, followed by a year as an Instructor at Clark College in Atlanta. He then moved to Howard University in 1944 and within three years was appointed full professor and head of the Mathematics Department.^[5] He remained at Howard until 1954.

He initially taught at University of California Berkeley as a visiting professor in 1954, and was hired by UC Berkeley as a full professor in the newly created Statistics Department in 1955, becoming the Statistics department chair in 1956.^[5][8] He spent the rest of his career at UC Berkeley, retiring in 1988.^[5]

Blackwell was also a pioneer in textbook writing and game theory. Blackwell wrote one of the first Bayesian textbooks, his 1969 Basic Statistics.^[9]

Blackwell is also a member of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity (Tau chapter - University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign).

I've worked in so many areas—I'm sort of a dilettante. Basically, I'm not interested in doing research and I never have been. I'm interested in understanding, which is quite a different thing. And often to understand something you have to work it out yourself because no one else has done it. - David Blackwell

Honors and awards

• President, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, 1956
• National Academy of Sciences, 1965
• American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1968
• Honorary Fellow, Royal Statistical Society, 1976
• Vice President, American Statistical Association, 1978
• John von Neumann Theory Prize, 1979
• R. A. Fisher Lectureship, 1986
• The Berkeley Citation, 1988

See also

• C. R. Rao

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Sorkin, Michael (July 14, 2010). "David Blackwell fought racism; become world-famous statistician". Saint Louis Post-Dispatch. http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/obituaries/article_8ea41058-5f35-5afa-9c3a-007200c5c179.html. 
2. ^ Roussas, G.G. et al. (2011) A Tribute to David Blackwell, NAMS 58(7), 912-928.
3. ^ Cattau, Daniel (July 2009). "David Blackwell 'Superstar'". Illinois Alumni (University of Illinois Alumni Association): pp. 32–34. 
4. ^ James H. Kessler, J. S. Kidd, Renee A. Kidd. Katherine A. Morin (1996), Distinguished African American Scientists of the 20th Century, Greenwood, ISBN 0897749553 
5. ^ ^{a b c d e} Grime, David (July 17, 2007). "David Blackwell, Scholar of Probability, Dies at 91". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/17/education/17blackwell.html. Retrieved August 22, 2010. 
6. ^ "Mission and History". Institute for Advances Studies. http://www.ias.edu/about/mission-and-history. 
7. ^ Donald J. Albers (2008), "David Blackwell", in Donald J. Albers, Gerald L. Alexanderson, Mathematical People: Profiles and Interviews (2 ed.), A K Peters, ISBN 1568813406 
8. ^ Morris H. DeGroot (1986), "A conversation with David Blackwell", Statistical Science 1 (1): 40–53 
9. ^ Blackwell's Basic Statistics inspired the 1995 textbook Statistics: A Bayesian Approach by the biostatician Donald Berry.

External links

• bio sketch from the American Statistical Association
• bio sketch from the Mathematical Association of America
• Dr. David Blackwell Biography Packet (5.21MB) provided by the Department of Statistics at the University of California, Berkeley.
• David Blackwell's oral history video excerpts at The National Visionary Leadership Project
• On Google scholar
• David Blackwell, Scholar of Probability, Dies at 91 New York Times
• David Blackwell at the Mathematics Genealogy Project.

Persondata
Name	Blackwell, David
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	April 24, 1919
Place of birth	Centralia, Illinois, United States
Date of death	July 8, 2010
Place of death	Berkeley, California