Wetar

Infobox Islands
name = Wetar


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Location map|Indonesia|lat=-7.8|long=126.3
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location = South East Asia
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archipelago = Barat Daya Islands
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country = Indonesia
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ethnic groups =The tropical island Wetar belongs to the Indonesian province Maluku and is the largest island of the Barat Daya Islands (literally "Southwest Islands"). It lies east of the Lesser Sunda Islands, which include nearby Alor and Timor, but is considered part of the Maluku Islands. To the south, across the Wetar Strait, lies the island of Timor; at its closest it is 56 km away. To the west, across the Ombai Strait, lies the island of Alor. To the southwest is the very small island of Liran and, further, the small East Timorese island of Atauro. To the north is the Banda Sea and to the east lie Romang and Damar, the other principal islands of the Barat Daya Islands.

The principal cities on Wetar are Lioppa in the northwest, Ilwaki in the south, Wasiri in the north, Masapun in the east, and Arwala in the northeast. These are connected by roads.

Geography

Wetar is 130 km wide east-to-west, and 45 km north-to-south. It has an area of 3600 km². It is surrounded by coral reefs and deep seas, which are suitable for diving. The highest point on the island is 1412 m.

Wetar is part of a volcanic island arc which includes the other Barat Daya Islands and the Banda Islands, created by the collision of the Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. It is not, however, principally of volcanic origin, being instead mainly oceanic crust that has been lifted by the plate collision. The stratovolcano Gunungapi Wetar (282 m high) erupted in 1512 and 1699.

There are a number of gold mines on Wetar, which have been poorly managed and constitute an environmental concern. [http://www.worldwildlife.org/wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/aa/aa0204_full.html]

Along with other nearby islands, it formed part of Wallacea, the area of deep water separated from both the Asian and Australian continental shelves. This region is known for its unusual fauna, and Wetar is no exception. It has 162 species of birds, three of which are endemic, and four of which are endangered. Rainfall is highly seasonal based on the monsoon, and the islands are mostly covered in tropical dry broadleaf forests that are partly deciduous, with many trees losing their leaves in the dry season. It forms part of the Timor and Wetar deciduous forests ecoregion.

Culture

There are a number of Timor languages branch of Malayo-Polynesian languages which are endemic to Wetar. Wetarese, which is also spoken on the nearby islands of Liran and Atauro, is one such language. Others include Aputai, Ili'uun, Perai, Talur, and Tugun. These are all spoken by small groups of about 1,000 people each. The national language Indonesian or regional Ambonese Malay are commonly used.

The main economic activity on Wetar is subsistence agriculture, principally of sago. Tortoise shells are also gathered and exported to countries where the trade is not banned.

Most of the inhabitants are of Papuan descent. Most are Muslims, but there are some Christians as well.