Glockenkarkopf

Infobox Mountain
Name = Glockenkarkopf
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latd=47 |latm=5 |lats=28 |latNS=N
longd=12 |longm=10 |longs=50 |longEW=E
Elevation = 2911 m
Location = Salzburg (state), Austria, Province of Bolzano-Bozen, Italy
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Coordinates = 47°5'28"N 12°10'50"E
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First ascent = 1895 by Fritz Kögl
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Pronunciation = The Glockenkarkopf (also: Klockerkarkopf, _it. Vetta d'Italia} is a mountain of 2911 m altitude in the Zillertal Alps on the border between the Austrian state Salzburg and the Italian Province of Bolzano-Bozen.

Location

The ridgeline of Glockenkarkopf forms the international border extending between two mountain passes, Krimmler Tauern in the west and Forcella del Picco/Birnlücke in the east. Nearby summits include "Tauernkopf" (2874 m above mean sea level) to the west, and to the southwest the higher "Pfaffenschneidkopf" (2918 m), from which the "Pfaffenschneid" slopes (strikes) southward. This slope is crossed by the Lausitz path at the "Teufelsstiege" (Devil's Stair).

Political history and toponymy

In 1896 the mountain, then belonging to Austria-Hungary, was mentioned in the journal of the Österreichischer Alpenverein. On July 16 1904 the Italian nationalist, irredentist, and later fascist Ettore Tolomei climbed the mountain, proclaimed himself the first to reach its summit, asserted that it was the northernmost point of the Adriatic Sea's drainage basin and thus belonged to Italy, and named it "Vetta d'Italia" ("Peak of Italy").Fact|date=July 2008 However, the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919) defines the northernmost point of Italy as the summit not of Glockenkarkopf, but of nearby Western Zwillingsköpfl (2841 m), which in fact is the northernmost point of the Adriatic Sea's drainage basin.

Tolomei's name is used in Italian maps from 1905 onward. In the Province of Bolzano-Bozen, a story is widespread that the name "Vetta d'Italia" convinced United States president Woodrow Wilson, who according to the same story was poorly knowledgeable about European geography and history, of the legitimacy of the Brenner border.Fact|date=June 2008

Besides the name "Vetta d'Italia", which is widely rejected by the German-speaking population of Bolzano-Bozen, local researchers on the toponymy of village names argue that "Klockerkarkopf" (not Glockenkarkopf) is the older and correct name, being derived from the "Klockeralm".Fact|date=June 2008

Literature

*Heinrich Klier, Walter Klier: "Alpenvereinsführer Zillertaler Alpen", Munich 1990, ISBN 3-7633-1201-3

External links

* [http://www.summitpost.org/mountains/mountain_link.pl?mountain_id=5349 Summitpost.org: Detailed description of this mountain]