Abdulrahman Ibrahim Ibn Sori

Ab-dul Rahman Ibrahima Ibn Sori (a.k.a. Abdul-Rahman) was a prince from West Africa who was made a slave in the United States. In 1828, by the order of President John Quincy Adams and Secretary of State Henry Clay, he was freed after spending 40 years in slavery.

Life

He was born in Timbo, West Africa, (in present day Guinea, Fouta Djallon). He was known as the "Prince of Slaves" or "Prince." He was a Fulbe or Fulani, (Fula) from the land of Futa Jallon. Abrahim left Futa in 1774 to study in Mali at Timbuktu. Abrahim was leader of one of his father's army divisions. After losing a battle to warring tribes he was captured and sold to slave traders in 1788 at the age of 26. He was bought by a Natchez, Mississippi cotton and tobacco farmer, where he eventually became the overseer of the plantation of Thomas Foster. In 1794 he married Isabella, another slave of Foster’s, and eventually fathered a large family -- 5 sons and 4 daughters. [ [http://www.pbs.org/princeamongslaves/ Prince Among Slaves] ]

By using his knowledge of growing cotton in Futa Jallon, Abdul-Rahman rose to a position of authority on the plantation and became the "de facto" foreman. This granted him the opportunity to grow his own vegetable garden and sell at the local market. During this time, he met an old acquaintance, Dr. John Cox. Dr. Cox was an Irish surgeon who served on an English ship. He was the first white man to reach Timbo after being stranded by his ship and falling ill. Cox stayed ashore for six months and was taken in by Abdul-Rahman's family. Cox appealed to Foster to sell him "Prince" so he could return to Africa. However, Foster would not budge, since Abdul-Rahman had made himself indispensable to the Foster farm. Dr. Cox continued, until his death in 1816, to seek Abdul-Rahman's freedom, to no avail. After Cox died, his son took up the cause.

In 1826, Abdul-Rahman wrote a letter to his relatives in Africa. A local newspaperman, Andrew Marschalk, who was originally from New York, sent a copy to Senator Thomas Reed in Washington, who forwarded it to the U.S. Consulate in Morocco. Since Abdul-Rahman wrote in Arabic, Marschalk and the U.S. government assumed that he was a Moor. After the Sultan of Morocco read the letter, he asked President Adams and Secretary of State Henry Clay to release Abrahim Abdul Rahman. In 1828, Thomas Foster agreed to the release of Abdul-Rahman, without payment, with the stipulation that Abdul-Rahman had to return to Africa and could not enjoy the rights of being a free man in America. Within two days, Abdul-Rahman raised $200 to buy his wife's freedom and assumed he could do the same for his children.

Before he returned home, he and his wife went to various states and Washington, D.C. He solicited donations, through the press, personal appearances, the American Colonization Society and politicians, to free his family back in Mississppi. Word got back to Foster, who considered this a breach of the agreement. Abdul-Rahman's actions and freedom were also used against President John Quincy Adams by future president Andrew Jackson during the presidential election.

After ten months, Abdul-Rahman and Isabella had only raised half the funds to free their children. They made arrangements to leave America. On March 18, 1829, Abdul-Rahman returned to Africa to die. He went to Monrovia, Liberia with his wife. Abdul-Rahman lived for four months before he contracted a fever and died at the age of 67. He never saw Futa Jallon or his children again.

Legacy

The funds that Abdul-Rahman and Isabella raised bought the freedom of two sons and their families. They were reunited with Isabella in Monrovia. Thomas Foster died the same year as Abdul-Rahman. Foster's estate, including Abdul-Rahman's other children and grandchildren, was divided among Foster's heirs and scattered across Mississippi and the South. Abdul-Rahman's descendants still reside in Monrovia and the United States. In 2006, Abdul-Rahman's descendants gathered for a family reunion at Foster's Field.

He wrote two autobiographies. A drawing of him is displayed in the Library of Congress.

In 1977, history professor [http://www.nvcc.edu/home/talford/ Terry Alford] documented the life of Ibn Sori in "Prince Among Slaves", the first full account of his life, pieced together from first-person accounts and historical documents. In "Prince Among Slaves", Alford writes:

Among Henry Clay's documents, for the year 1829 we find the January 1 entry, "Prince Ibrahima, an Islamic prince sold into slavery 40 years ago, and freed with the stipulation that he return (in this case the word "return" makes sense) to Africa, joined the black citizens of Philadelphia as an honored guest in their New Year's Day parade, up Lombard and Walnut, and down Chestnut and Spruce streets.

Early in 2008 PBS showed a [http://www.sparkmedia.org/ Spark Media Incorporated] and [http://www.upf.tv/upf06/ Unity Productions Foundation] film directed by Andrea Kalin titled "Prince Among Slaves", portraying the life of Abdul Rahman. The film had premiered in Cincinnati, Ohio, on 2007 June 23.

References

ee also

* Prince Among Slaves (film)

External links

*http://www.upf.tv/upf06/Films/PrinceAmongSlaves/Geanealogy/tabid/305/Default.aspx
* [http://www.princeamongslaves.tv Prince Among Slaves Official Movie Site]
* [http://www.upf.tv/upf06/VideoLibrary/UPFProductions/PrinceAmongSlaves/tabid/158/Default.aspx Trailer to the Unity Productions Foundation PBS documentary "Prince Among Slaves" that chronicles the life of Ibrahim_Abd_ar-Rahman]
* [http://www.muslimwiki.com/mw/index.php/Ibrahim_Abd_ar-Rahman MuslimWiki Ibrahim Abd ar-Rahman]
* [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0852992/ IMDb Prince Among Slaves (2006)]
* [http://www.pbs.org/princeamongslaves/ Prince Among Slaves | PBS]
* [http://engagemn.com/2008/01/19/film-challenges-convention-on-muslims-africans-slave-era-america/ Film Challenges Convention on Muslims, Africans, Slave-Era America]