Battle of Heligoland (1849)

Infobox Military Conflict
conflict=Battle of Heligoland


caption=RMS "Britannia" before being converted to SMS "Barbarossa", Brommy's flagship
partof=the First War of Schleswig
date=4 June 1849
place=Off Heligoland, German Bight
result=inconclusive
combatant1=flag|Denmark
combatant2=
commander1=Andreas Polder
Jørgen P. F. Wulff
commander2=Karl Rudolf Brommy
strength1= 1 sail corvette
1 steamer
strength2= 1 steam frigate
2 steam corvettes
casualties1= none
casualties2= none|The first Battle of Heligoland took place on 14 June 1849 during the First Schleswig War and pitted the fledgling all-German navy known as the Reichsflotte (Imperial Fleet), which was founded less than a year prior, against the Royal Danish Navy, which had blocked German naval trade in North Sea and Baltic Sea since early 1848. The outcome was inconclusive, with no casualties, and the blockade went on. It remained the only battle of the German fleet. ["Im Juni 1849 kam es bei Helgoland zum einzigen Gefecht der, trotz des großen materiellen Aufwandes, niemals voll einsatzfähigen Bundesflotte gegen dänische Schiffe."- [http://www.marine.de/portal/a/marine/kcxml/04_Sj9SPykssy0xPLMnMz0vM0Y_QjzKLNzKOD_T3B8mB2d5mIfqRcNGglFR9X4_83FR9b_0A_YLciHJHR0VFAEc-hDA!/delta/base64xml/L3dJdyEvd0ZNQUFzQUMvNElVRS82XzIzX1FTOQ!! Deutsche Marine, History] ] ["die erste und einzige Seefahrt unter der Schwarz-rot-goldnen Flagge" - Georg Wislicenus, "Deutschlands Seemacht" [http://books.google.com/books?id=tRz0qcwoL2oC&pg=PA57&dq=Heligoland+1849+bromme&lr=&as_brr=3&sig=YlSXtwMY2jrxVQ8G78OLmq0b5pQ#PPA57,M1] ]

The events

The Germans had to build a fleet from scratch, buying ships abroad and converting them, and hiring foreign officers (British, Belgian) to lead native veteran merchant mariners. [Lawrence Sondhaus, "Naval Warfare, 1815-1914" p. 49 [http://books.google.com/books?id=TKXn0IQBKCcC&pg=RA1-PA49&dq=Helgoland+1849+brommy&lr=&as_brr=3&sig=w8sfPDdqWEz6wowcBv1kMEI8cHE#PRA1-PA49,M1] ]

After about a year of preparation, on 4 June, German Admiral Karl Rudolf Brommy left Bremerhaven with the steam frigate SMS "Barbarossa" (formerly RMS "Britannia") and the smaller steam corvettes "Lübeck (1844)" and "Hamburg (1841)" in order to disperse the Danish ships which were guarding the mouth of Weser River. The Danish forces present that day were inferior and retreated, but Brommy managed to cut off [Lawrence Sondhaus, "Naval Warfare, 1815-1914" p. 49 [http://books.google.com/books?id=TKXn0IQBKCcC&pg=RA1-PA49&dq=Helgoland+1849+brommy&lr=&as_brr=3&sig=w8sfPDdqWEz6wowcBv1kMEI8cHE#PRA1-PA49,M1] ] the sailing corvette "Valkyrien" which under captain Andreas Polder sought refuge near the island of Heligoland which at the time belonged to United Kingdom. The British, while being neutral, had anyway made clear beforehand that a German Navy was not welcome and might be treated as pirates.

Ships of both sides fired some shots, with no effect. When the German approached the island's three-mile zone, the British forces fired warning shots towards them, while allowing the Danish corvette to stay close. Brommy, not willing to draw the Royal Navy into the war, stayed at a distance while the Danish captain Polder was waiting for the arrival of reenforcements from the Danish main fleet. When the modern steamer "Gejser" under Kapitänleutnant Jørgen P. F. Wulff ship came in sight, Brommy retreated, fearing further Danish reinforcements. The Danes followed the Germans to the mouth of the Elbe near Cuxhaven before resuming the blockade.

It was not only the first excursion of the small fleet under the black-red-gold Flag of Germany, but remained the only one.

ee also

*Battle of Heligoland (1864)

Literature

* Guntram Schulze-Wegener: "Deutschland zur See . 150 Jahre Marinegeschichte." Mittler, Hamburg 1998. ISBN 3-8132-0551-7
*Jörg Duppler : "Germania auf dem Meere / Bilder und Dokumente zur Deutschen Marinegeschichte 1848 –1998." Mittler, Hamburg 1998. ISBN 3-8132-0564-9
*Giese, Fritz: Kleine Geschichte der deutschen Flotte
*Hansen, Hans Jürgen: Die Schiffe der deutschen Flotten 1848-1945
*Hildebrand, Hans H. / Henriot, Ernest:: Deutschlands Admirale 1849-1945
*Kroschel, Günter / Evers, August-Ludwig: Die deutsche Flotte 1848-1945
*Rhades, Dr. Jürgen: Die deutsche Marine in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart
*Röhr, Albert: Deutsche Marinechronik
*Witthöft, Hans Jürgen: Lexikon zur deutschen Marinegeschichte
*Georg Wislicenus: "Deutschlands Seemacht", Published 2007 Reprint-Verlag-Leipzig, 206 pages, ISBN 3826223136 [http://books.google.com/books?id=tRz0qcwoL2oC&pg=PA57&dq=Heligoland+1849+bromme&lr=&as_brr=3&sig=YlSXtwMY2jrxVQ8G78OLmq0b5pQ]
*Lawrence Sondhaus: "Naval Warfare, 1815-1914", Published 2001, Routledge, 272 pages, ISBN041521478 [http://books.google.com/books?id=TKXn0IQBKCcC&pg=RA1-PA49&dq=Helgoland+1849+brommy&lr=&as_brr=3&sig=w8sfPDdqWEz6wowcBv1kMEI8cHE]

External links

* [http://www.marine.de/portal/a/marine/kcxml/04_Sj9SPykssy0xPLMnMz0vM0Y_QjzKLNzKOD_T3B8mB2d5mIfqRcNGglFR9X4_83FR9b_0A_YLciHJHR0VFAEc-hDA!/delta/base64xml/L3dJdyEvd0ZNQUFzQUMvNElVRS82XzIzX1FTOQ!! Deutsche Marine, History] de icon
* [http://www.deutsches-marinearchiv.de/Archiv/1848-1867/Bundesflotte/einsatz.htm Überblick über die Reichsflotte] de icon