Para Hills, South Australia

Infobox Australian Place | type = suburb
name = Para Hills
state = sa


city = Adelaide
caption = A gully next to Para Hills primary school
area = 3.21
lga = City of Salisbury
lga2 = City of Tea Tree Gully
postcode = 5096
pop = 7,722 [Census 2006 AUS | id = SSC42266 | name = Para Hills (State Suburb)|quick = on|accessdate=2007-10-25]
est = 1959
stategov = Playford
fedgov = Makin
propval = $217,500 (Q1 2007) [cite web| url=http://wic003lc.server-web.com/~admin417/uploads/Documents/Median_house_Mar07.pdf |author=Real Estate Institute of South Australia|year=2007| title=State median house price cracks $300,000 mark |month=March|accessdate=2007-04-28|format=PDF]
near-nw=Salisbury East
near-n=Gulfview Heights
near-ne=Wynn Vale
near-w=Para Hills West
near-e=Modbury Heights
near-sw=Ingle Farm
near-s=Para Vista
near-se=Modbury North
dist1 = 14
location1= Adelaide

Para Hills (coord|34|49|S|138|40|E|region:AU-SA) is a residential suburb of Adelaide, South Australia, accessible from Adelaide by bus, (partly using Adelaide's O-Bahn Busway). A train station is approx. 2 kilometers west. There is a light aircraft airport close to its boundary, and numerous sporting facilities, abundant parks and schools and two medium sized shopping centres. Most of the suburb is in the City of Salisbury while some is in the City of Tea Tree Gully.

Naming

The prefix "Para" is derived from the Kaurna word "Pari" meaning "a stream of flowing water", which could refer to either the Little Para River or Dry Creek. Para is used to name many places in the area including Parafield Airport, three seasonal creeks, and some suburbs. The flat land between Dry Creek and the Little Para River is sometimes called the Para Plains and the facing hills the Para Hills.

An early settler family were the Goodalls, who established a farm at the base of the hills in 1850. When Andrew Melville Goodall expanded the farm in 1853 he named the property "Para Hills Farm", building a farmhouse near what is now the corner of St. Clair Ave and Goodall Road.cite book |title=Salisbury South Australia, a history of town and district |last=Lewis |first=H. John |pages=pp.168-171 |publisher=Investigator Press |location=Hawtornedene, South Australia |year=1980 |isbn=0-85864-049-X]

Landscape

Geology

Para Hills is built on an escarpment of the Para Fault Block at the edge of the Adelaide plains, rising convert|61|m|ft|0 above the plains. The formation of this escarpment has led to short, steep-sided gullies which are characteristic of Para Hills. [DEPARTMENT OF MINES."Geology and Underground Water Resources of the Adelaide Plains Area" Adelaide: Geological Survey of South Australia. Bulletin No.27, 1952 ( As cited in SETTLERS ON THE HILL, City of Salisbury Publication, 1985)] The gullies are usually dry, running only shortly after rain, and have mostly been left as public parks. Outcrops of exposed pre-Cambrian rocks have been quarried for use in roadmaking and construction since the late 19th century. The outcrops within Para Hills are not extensive and only one quarry operated in the suburb's residential area.

Flora

Prior to subdivision there is very little recorded about the vegetation of the hills. What records exist report that the plains where mostly covered in kangaroo grass, with the hills being lightly covered in Eucalyptus Porosa (Mallee box) , Acacia paradoxa (Kangaroo thorn wattle) and Acacia pyncantha (Golden Wattle).SETTLERS ON THE HILL, A Local History of Para Hills, A City of Salisbury Publication, 1985] . Public parks in para hills are now landscaped with Australian native vegetation. Most of the streets show Salisbury council’s practice of lining roadsides with Eucalypts, Acacias and other Australian native trees.

Geography

The boundary of Para Hills is defined by McIntyre Road and the Para Hills reserve to the north, Kelly Road to the east, Bridge Road to the west, and Maxwell Road and Milne Road to the south. The northern boundary moved south from Wynn Vale Drive in 2002 when Gulfview Heights was declared.

At the ABS 2001 census, Para Hills had a population of 9,050 people living in 3,505 dwellings, but this has been reduced with the movement of the suburb's boundary.

History

Kaurna Aborigines

The Kaurna people (pronounced "Garner" or "Gowna") people were the Indigenous inhabitants of the Para Hills area and neighboring Adelaide Plains. By the time land grants were first sold, European diseases had decimated them and depopulated the hills. There is evidence of their occupation along the nearby Little Para River, with occasional skeletons uncovered during the early years of farming.

European settlement and development

Land grants in the Para Hills area began in 1847. Notable farming families first settling the area were the Goodalls ( on August 12 1850), the Kesters (1893), and the MacIntyres (1865). ["South Australian Lands Titles Office Records", R.P.A. LXXIV, Folio 132] ) From settlement as distant farming land, to subdivision for residential development, the land increased greatly in value. The land was valued at £4.10 per acre in 1900, £16 in 1937, £420 and £1200 for some of the flatter land shortly after its subdivision.

Farming and quarrying continued, as the sole activities on the land, until Reid Murray Developments (R.M.D.) began acquiring land for subdivision in 1959. The development was, at the time, the largest private housing development in Australia and had a budget of £6 million.cite book |title=How marketing built a town |publisher=Reid Murray Developments (SA) Pty Ltd |month =May | year =1962 |location =Adelaide] R.M.D. was not the only developer active in the suburb with most of the Goodall and McIntyre farmland being sold to, or subdivided by, other companies. In total R.M.D. purchased convert|430|acre|km2|1. R.M.D. copied a new concept from the South Australian Housing Trust's new development at Elizabeth, constructing the suburb as a self-contained neighborhood from the outset. Unusually fifteen percent of the land was set aside for parks [At the time para hills was subdivided, the usual percentage of land set aside for parks was 5% (The Builder, August 19th 1960, p.13)] , arrangements were made with Woolworths (S.A.) Ltd to provide a supermarket, and with the State government for the speedy provision of a post office and school. Land allotments were set to a minimum of convert|697|m2|sqft|0 and, to transform the bare farm land, a street tree-planting and nursery program was begun with new residents being given six plants to start a garden. R.M.D. did not sell any vacant land, but only complete house, land and some furnishings packages (prices ranging from £4,000 to £5,500). The houses all had three or more bedrooms, flat corrugated iron or angled tile roofs, and were constructed from bricks, modular concrete blocks or Mount Gambier freestone.

R.M.D. set up offices in London to attract new British migrants prior to their trip to Australia. Salesmen met new immigrants at Fremantle dock. Flats were built in Barcoo Street to temporarily house intending purchasers, many of whom were travelling under assisted passage. Some settlers were not prepared for the frontier conditions they met, with no amenities or trees, and surroundings of little more than open paddocks. Many of the migrants came from established cities, and expressed dismay at the prospect of having to form a community from scratch. A vendor finance scheme was begun allowing a some newlyweds to purchase homes with a deposit as low as £500. [cite news |work=The Advertiser |title=Financing Plans (RMD, Boulevard of Homes feature section) |date=December 16, 1961 |pages=p.20] An extensive marketing effort to sell the homes included, a home donated to the crippled children's association, subsidised bus services, free use of the olympic size swimming pool for residents, twenty-five furnished display homes and £10,000 of Television advertising.

The suburb developed quickly, fifty-five homes completed in the first six months and seventy under construction, along with sealed roads, storm water and sewerage services and gas and electricity supply. [cite news |title=Private enterprise in new Para Hills development |work=The Builder |publisher= Publishers Ltd (Adelaide) |page=13 |date=August 19, 1960] All three original farming families have main roads in Para Hills named after them. The farmhouse of Allen Kesters (built in 1934) is still in use, on the corner of Kesters and Bridge roads as a real-estate office, and the McIntyre farmhouse was, as of 1985, occupied by the McIntyre family.

Timeline

"1846, 29th October", Hundred of Yatala proclaimed and area divided into sections.
"1847, July", First land grants acquired.
"1850", Goodall family acquire a land grant and begin farming.
"1852", McIntyre family begin leasing farming land.
"1893", Kesters family acquire land and establish a farm.
"1911", First ( two inch ) water main laid down Kesters Road.
"1934", Allen Kester’s house built on the corner of Kesters and Bridge Road.
"1950’s ( year unknown)", Electricity supply begun after formation of the Electricity Trust of South Australia.
"1959", All Kesters family land purchased by R.M.D.
"1960, 25th February", Construction of first house begun with pouring of the concrete foundation.
"1960, 2nd August", Premier Sir Thomas Playford officially opens the new housing estate.
"1961, February", First school lessons begin in pre-fabricated classrooms in the site of current day Para Hills Primary School.
"1961, March", 100th family arrives in the Para Hills estate.
"1961, 27th June", First scouting meeting with the formation of a cub pack.
"1962, 24th February", 1/2 Olympic size swimming pool and community hall opened.
"1963, September", Presbyterian Church on the corner of Barcoo Streets and Liberman roads begins services.
"1963, 12th September", Shopping centre opens on Wilkinson Road.
"1964", Goodall farm including Para Hills farm purchased by R.M.D.
"1964", Para Hills Farm's farmhouse demolished to make way for subdivision.
"1968, 17th June", First Para Hills library opened by Premier Steele Hall.
"1972, 27th April", Para Hills police station opens
"1976", Population reaches 11,213.

Trivia

Para Hills was used to showcase an 'expandable house' that allowed for rooms to be added in four stages. The house was part of the Housing Trust of South Australia's demonstration village opened in 1982. [cite web| url=http://www.housingtrust.sa.gov.au/resources/SAHT_Chronological_History.pdf| title=South Australian Housing Trust Chronological History|accessdate = 2006-06-25|format=PDF]

Transport

Public transport began in 1961 with a once-daily, privately run return bus service to Adelaide. The service was run by "Lewis Brothers", initially with a £60 weekly subsidy from Reid Murray Developments. By 1974, when the Municipal Tramways Trust took over all buses and services in Para Hills, it had expanded to 44 buses and numerous routes. [cite book|title=From Omnibus to O-Bahn, The tramways and buses of Adelaide's North-East suburbs |last=Steele |first=Christopher |year=1986 |isbn=1-86252-089-5 |location=Norwood, South Australia |publisher= Australian electric traction association |pages=p.75]

As of 2007 public bus services from Para Hills have termini at Elizabeth, the Salisbury bus/train interchange, Smithfield, Adelaide's Central Business District, and the Tea Tree Plaza Interchange and Paradise Interchange O-Bahn stations. [cite web |url=http://www.adelaidemetro.com.au/ttsearch.php?action=search&searchtext=para+hills&js=1 |title=Public Transport in Adelaide (Para Hills) |publisher=Adelaide Metro | accessdate=2007-08-25]

References

ee also

*List of Adelaide suburbs
*cite book|title=The Making of the South Australian Landscape|last=Williams|first=M|year=1974|publisher=Academic Press|location=London
*cite book|title=Land Use and Groundwater History of the Northern Adelaide Plains|last=Smith|first=Derek, L.|year=1979|publisher=Engineering " Water Supply Department|location=Adelaide