Kaimynas

Kaimynas

Kaimynas (plural: "kaimynai") was a class of non-free peasants in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania before full-scale serfdom was established by the Wallach reform (1557). The term describes a former prisoner of war, who was allowed to live in a village and rent a piece of land from a noble.lt icon Citation| first=Zinkevičius | last=Zigmas| contribution=Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės kanceliarinės slavų kalbos termino nusakymo problema| title=Lietuva - Ukraina: istorija, politologija, kultūrologija medžiaga| editor-first=Neporožnia| editor-last=Nadija| coeditors=| publisher=| place=Vilnius| pages=| year=1993 | contribution-url=http://viduramziu.lietuvos.net/socium/zinkevicius1995.htm| format=| accessdate=2008-05-25 ] Peasants who lost their land because of debt or other circumstances could also become kaimynai.

Kaimynai and their families were allowed to form a farm, have tools, and earn their own living independently. However they had no personal freedoms and were dependent on the nobles.lt icon cite book| url=http://www.lzuu.lt/file.doc?id=17317 |format=PDF |first=Marytė Elena |last=Tarvydienė |title=Žemėtvarkos pagrindai |publisher=Lithuanian University of Agriculture |year=2007 |pages=17, 23–24] Because the family was treated as a single farm and owned taxes and levies as a group and not individually, kaimynai were sold or exchanged in families. [lt icon cite encyclopedia | editor=Jonas Zinkus, et. al | encyclopedia=Tarybų Lietuvos enciklopedija | title=Kaimynai | year=1985–1988 | publisher=Vyriausioji enciklopedijų redakcija | volume=II | location=Vilnius, Lithuania | pages=172–173] Their situation was similar to that of šeiminykščiai as both classes were not free and dependent on the nobles. However, šeiminykščiai were members of noble's household and did not earn their living independently. They are often compared to slaves, while kaimynai are compared to early serfs. [lt icon cite journal |title=Žemės reformos ir ūkininkijos raidos ekonominės peripetijos | first=Antanas |last= Poviliūnas |journal=Žemės ūkio mokslai | year=2007 | issue=14 | volume=1| pages=49| url=http://images.katalogas.lt/maleidykla/Zem71/Zem_048_060.pdf]

The term is derived from possessional adjective to describe a person belonging to a village (kaimas) or farmstead (kiemas).lt icon cite journal |title= Donum Balticum | first=Pranas |last=Skardžius | journal=Aidai |url=http://www.aidai.us/index.php?view=article&catid=51%3A7203&id=158%3Apo&tmpl=component&print=1&page=&option=com_content&Itemid=60 |date=March 1973 | volume=3 |issn=0002-208X] In Slavic texts loaned the word as коиминецъ. In modern Lithuanian the term means "neighbor".

References


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