Šeimynykštis

Šeimynykštis

"Šeimynykštis" (plural: "šeimynykščiai") was a class of patriarchal slaves, who did the same job and lived under the same conditions as his master and family, in the early Grand Duchy of Lithuania.cite book | last=Kiaupa | first=Zigmantas | coauthors=Jūratė Kiaupienė, Albinas Kunevičius | title=The History of Lithuania Before 1795 | origyear=1995 | edition=English | year=2000 | publisher=Lithuanian Institute of History | location=Vilnius | isbn=9986-810-13-2 | pages=74] They had no personal freedoms and were completely dependent on the master. Unlike "kaimynas", "šeimynykštis" did not rent land and earn their living independently.lt icon cite book| url=http://www.lzuu.lt/file.doc?id=17317 |format=PDF |first=Marytė Elena |last=Tarvydienė |title=Žemėtvarkos pagrindai |publisher=Lithuanian University of Agriculture |year=2007 |pages=17] Rather, they were members of the noble's household (the term is related to the word "šeima" – family).

Some members of "šeimynykščiai", called "bernai" or "parobkai", would receive a small piece of land, called "banda", and would be allowed to established their own farm. Such arrangement was very similar to that of "kaimynas", but "bernai" and their families were treated as individuals and not as a single group and thus could be separated and sold individually. [lt icon cite encyclopedia | editor=Jonas Zinkus, et. al | encyclopedia=Tarybų Lietuvos enciklopedija | title=Bernai | year=1985–1988 | publisher=Vyriausioji enciklopedijų redakcija | volume=I | location=Vilnius, Lithuania | pages=236] By the end of the 16th century, when Wallach reform established full serfdom in Lithuania, few "šeimynykščiai" were left as they merged with other classes of serfs. Slavery officially ended in 1588. [cite book | title=The Polish–Lithuanian State, 1386–1795 |first=Daniel |last=Stone |publisher=University of Washington Press | year=2001 |series=A History of East Central Europe |pages=72 |isbn=0-295-98093-1] The households relied more on free paid laborers. [lt icon cite encyclopedia | editor=Jonas Zinkus, et. al | encyclopedia=Tarybų Lietuvos enciklopedija | title=Šeimyna | year=1985–1988 | publisher=Vyriausioji enciklopedijų redakcija | volume=IV | location=Vilnius, Lithuania | pages=166] "Šeimynykščiai" were important in the early stages of feudalism (13th – mid 14th centuries) as they helped to differentiate peasants from large landowners, the future nobles.

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