Barouche

Barouche

A barouche, developed from the calash of the 18th century, [Casanova mentions a "calèche à 2 roues" first in 1742, a "calèche à 4 roues" in 1758 (Gunther)] was a fashionable type of horse-drawn carriage in the 19th century. It was a four-wheeled, shallow vehicle with two double seats inside, arranged so that the sitters on the front seat faced those on the back seat. It had a collapsible half-hood folding like a bellows over the back seat and an outside box seat high in front for the driver. The entire carriage was suspended on C springs. It was drawn by a pair of high-quality horses and was used principally for leisure driving in the summer. A light barouche was a barouchet or barouchette.

The word "barouche" is an anglicisation of the German word "barutsche", via the Italian "baroccio" or "biroccio" and ultimately from the Latin "birotus", "two-wheeled". The name thus became a misnomer, as the later form of the carriage had four wheels.

Calash

The earlier carriage type, called calash or caleche, was also a light carriage with small wheels, inside seats for four passengers, a separate driver's seat and a folding top. A folding calash top was a feature of two other types: the chaise, a two-wheeled carriage for one or two persons, a body hung on leather straps or thorough-braces, usually drawn by one horse; and a victoria, a low four-wheel pleasure carriage for two with a raised seat in front for the driver.

In Quebec, Canada, calèche refers to a two-wheeled horse-drawn vehicle with or without a folding top and with a driver's seat on the splashboard. [ [http://www.mccord-museum.qc.ca/en/collection/artifacts/MP-0000.25.1041 Musée McCord Museum - Caleche, Dufferin Terrace, Quebec City, QC, about 1920.] McCord Museum of Canadian History, Montreal, Quebec.] In the Philippines, a small two-wheeled calash is called a kalesa or calesa.

Notes

References

* [http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/collection/database B1499 Horse-drawn carriage, barouche, timber / metal / glass / leather / textile, made by Shanks and Co, London, England, used by John Brown Watt in Sydney before 1888 - Powerhouse Museum Collection.] Search "barouche". Powerhouse Museum, Sydney, Australia.
* [http://www.lexic.us/definition-of/barouche Barouche: Definition with Barouche Pictures and Photos.] Lexicus.
* [http://freesound.iua.upf.edu/samplesViewSingle.php?id=16898 Freesound :: view sample :: CalecheDownAlley.wav.] Institut Universitari de l'Audiovisual (Institute of Audiovisual Studies), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain. Sound file.
* [http://www.giacomo-casanova.de/catour3.htm#2wheeled Pablo Günther, "The Casanova Tour": two-wheeled carriages".] Chair, chaise and calash.
* [http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-barouche.htm What is a Barouche?] wiseGEEK.


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Look at other dictionaries:

  • barouche — ⇒BAROUCHE, subst. masc. Voiture avec capote et à quatre roues : • 1. C est le Piccadilly de cette époque qu a peint Eugène Lami, ses barouches, ses mails coachs, ses voyageurs débarquant de la malle de Douvres, en chapeau haut de forme, en… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • Barouche — Ba*rouche , n. [G. barutsche, It. baroccio, biroccio, LL. barrotium, fr. L. birotus two wheeled; bi = bis twice + rota wheel.] A four wheeled carriage, with a falling top, a seat on the outside for the driver, and two double seats on the inside… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Barouche — (engl., spr. rūsch , ital. Baroccio, Biroccio, v. lat. birotus, zweiräderig; franz. Birouche, Barutsche, Birutsche, wienerisch Pierutsch), zwei oder vierräderiger Wagen mit verstellbarem Verdeck, einem Sitz vorn außerhalb für den Kutscher und… …   Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon

  • barouche — type of four wheeled carriage, 1801, from dialectal Ger. barutsche, from It. baroccio chariot, originally two wheeled car, from L. birotus two wheeled, from bi two + rotus wheel, from rotare go around (see ROTARY (Cf. rotary)). Frenchified in… …   Etymology dictionary

  • barouche — [bə ro͞osh′] n. [Ger barutsche < It baroccio altered < biroccio < ML * birotium, two wheeled cart < LL birotus, two wheeled < L bi ,BI 1 + rota, wheel: see ROLL] a four wheeled carriage with a collapsible hood, two double seats… …   English World dictionary

  • barouche — noun /bæˈɹuːʃ/ Four wheeled horse drawn carriage with collapsible half hood, two double seats facing each other, and an outside seat for the driver. Day was drooping on a fine evening in March as a brown barouche passed through the wrought iron… …   Wiktionary

  • barouche —   n. four wheeled four seater carriage with folding hood and separate driver s seat.    ♦ barouchet,    ♦ barouchette, n. light barouche …   Dictionary of difficult words

  • barouche — noun Etymology: German Barutsche, from Italian biroccio, ultimately from Late Latin birotus two wheeled, from Latin bi + rota wheel more at roll Date: 1801 a four wheeled carriage with a driver s seat high in front, two double seats inside facing …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • barouche — /beuh roohsh /, n. a four wheeled carriage with a high front seat outside for the driver, facing seats inside for two couples, and a calash top over the back seat. [1795 1805; < dial. G Barutsche < It baroccio < VL *birotium, equiv. to LL… …   Universalium

  • barouche — (entrée créée par le supplément) (ba rou ch ) s. m. Sorte de voiture. Là sont les diverses voitures offertes en location.... d imposantes calèches de famille à huit ressorts, barouches gracieux, lourds landaux, coupés coquets.... Rev. Britan.… …   Dictionnaire de la Langue Française d'Émile Littré

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