Aragon class cruiser

The "Aragon" class of unprotected cruisers was a series of three cruisers built between the late 1860s and early 1880s for service with the Spanish Navy. They were named for historic regions and kingdoms of Spain.

Description

Construction of the "Aragon"-class cruises as armored corvettes with a central battery ironclad design began in 1869, with plans to give them 890 tons of armor and 500 mm (19.7 inches) of armor at the waterline. In 1870, their design was changed to that of an unprotected cruiser or wooden corvette; political events delayed their construction, but they finally were launched in this form in the years between 1879 and 1881 and completed in 1880 and 1882. [ [http://www.spanamwar.com/spanwoodenbcruisers.htm The Spanish-American War Centennial Website: Spanish Wooden Cruisers] ; [http://www.spanamwar.com/castilla.htm The Spanish-American War Centennial Website: "Castilla"] ] Their original conception as armored ships and the change to an unarmored one during construction left them with an overly heavy wooden hull that was obsolescent by the time of they were launched. [ "Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860-1905", p. 383 ]

The ships had two funnels and were rigged as barques. ["Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860-1905", p. 383 ] The lead unit's machinery was manufactured by the John Penn Company in the United Kingdom, while her sisters' was manufactured at the naval shipyard at Ferrol following John Penn's pattern. [ [http://www.spanamwar.com/spanwoodenbcruisers.htm The Spanish-American War Centennial Website: Spanish Wooden Cruisers] ; [http://www.spanamwar.com/castilla.htm The Spanish-American War Centennial Website: "Castilla"] ] The original main battery of Armstrong-built 8-inch (203-mm) guns was obsolescent when the ships were completed, and were quickly replaced with more modern guns mounted in sponsons, with "Aragon" more heavily armed than her sisters. [ "Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860-1905", p. 383 ] Designed for colonial service, they was never intended to fight the kind of heavily armed, armored, steel-hulled warships "Castilla" would face in the Battle of Manila Bay. [ [http://www.spanamwar.com/castilla.htm The Spanish-American War Centennial Website: "Castilla"] ]

History

Much of the operational history of the "Aragon"-class cruisers is obscure. "Castilla" served in home waters and then in the Philippines, were she was sunk, but it is known only that the other two were in home waters in the 1890s. Sources differ on whether "Aragon" and "Navarra" were hulked and then scrapped in the 1890s or survived into the early 20th century in non-combat roles. [ See [http://www.spanamwar.com/spanwoodenbcruisers.htm The Spanish-American War Centennial Website: Spanish Wooden Cruisers] and "Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860-1905", p. 383, for differing information on the fates of "Aragon" and "Navarra" ]

Ships in class

"Aragon"

"Aragon", the lead unit, was under construction for eleven years before commissioning in 1880. [ [http://www.spanamwar.com/spanwoodenbcruisers.htm The Spanish-American War Centennial Website: Spanish Wooden Cruisers] ] . In home waters in the 1890s, she either was hulked in 1896 and sold for scrap in 1900 [ [http://www.spanamwar.com/spanwoodenbcruisers.htm The Spanish-American War Centennial Website: Spanish Wooden Cruisers] ] or survived until stricken around 1905. [ "Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860-1905", p. 383 ]

"Navarra"

"Navarra" was under construction for thirteen years before commissioning in 1882. [ [http://www.spanamwar.com/spanwoodenbcruisers.htm The Spanish-American War Centennial Website: Spanish Wooden Cruisers] ] . In home waters in the 1890s, she either was hulked in 1896 and sold for scrap in 1899 [ [http://www.spanamwar.com/spanwoodenbcruisers.htm The Spanish-American War Centennial Website: Spanish Wooden Cruisers] ] or survived to become a cadet training ship in 1900. [ "Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860-1905", p. 383 ]

"Castilla"

"Castilla" was under construction for thirteen years before commissioning in 1882. After early service in Spanish waters, she was sent to the Philippines, where she supported Spanish operations against Philippine insurgents in 1896-1897, the early part of the Philippine Revolution known to the colonial Spaniards as the "Tagalog Revolt." She was part of the squadron of Rear Admiral Patricio Montojo y Pasaron when the Spanish-American War began, and was sunk in the Battle of Manila Bay on 1 May 1898. [ [http://www.spanamwar.com/spanwoodenbcruisers.htm The Spanish-American War Centennial Website: Spanish Wooden Cruisers] ; [http://www.spanamwar.com/castilla.htm The Spanish-American War Centennial Website: "Castilla"] ; Nofi, p. 17-23] .

Notes

References

*Chesneau, Roger, and Eugene M. Kolesnik, Eds. "Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1860-1905." New York, New York: Mayflower Books Inc., 1979. ISBN 0831703024.
*Nofi, Albert A. "The Spanish-American War, 1898". Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: Combined Books, Inc., 1996. ISBN 0938289578.

External links

* [http://www.spanamwar.com/spanwoodenbcruisers.htm The Spanish-American War Centennial Website: Spanish Wooden Cruisers]
* [http://www.spanamwar.com/castilla.htm The Spanish-American War Centennial Website: "Castilla"]
* [http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-fornv/spain/spsh-ag/aragon.htmg Department of the Navy: Naval Historical Center: Online Library of Selected
]