United States v. The Progressive
- United States v. The Progressive
"United States of America v. Progressive, Inc., Erwin Knoll, Samuel Day, Jr., and Howard Morland" is the name of a lawsuit against the magazine "The Progressive" by the U.S. government (specifically the United States Department of Energy) in 1979. A temporary injunction was granted against "The Progressive" in order to prevent the publication of an article by activist Howard Morland that purported to reveal the "secret" of the hydrogen bomb. Though the information was compiled from public domain sources, the DOE claimed that it fell under the "born secret" clause of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954.
Because of the nature of the information at stake in the trial, two separate trials were conducted, one in public, and the other "in camera". The defendants (Morland and the editors of "The Progressive") would not accept security clearances (which would put restraints on their free speech), and so were not present at the "in camera" hearings. Their lawyers did accept clearances so that they could participate in the trial, but were forbidden from conveying the information to their clients.
The article was eventually published after the government dropped their case during the appeals process, calling it moot after other information was independently published, though many observers at the time thought it was because it was becoming clear their arguments were not being well received by the judges and they were afraid that the Atomic Energy Act might be ruled as unconstitutional.
ee also
*Teller-Ulam design — the "secret", along with a brief account of the case
*Prior restraint — esp. section on the hydrogen bomb cases
External links
* [http://www.fas.org/sgp/eprint/cardozo.html Howard Morland on how he discovered the "H-bomb secret"] and the subsequent trial.
* [http://progressive.org/?q=node/2252 "The Progressive" November 1979 issue] – "The H-Bomb Secret: How we got it, why we're telling" (entire issue online).
* [http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/cas/comm/free_speech/progressive.html Ruling of the preliminary injunction hearing]
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